unit 5 sprtsmed Flashcards
what type of join is the hip joint
synovial ball and socket joint
define acetabulum
the hip socket. covered by thick ligamentous structures that provide stability
define labrum
the ligament like thing that keeps the ball in the socket
longest bone in the body
femur
two muscle groups of the femur
hamstrings and quadriceps
hip flexor group
rectus femoris, rectus sartorius, and rectus iliopsoas
what extends the thigh
hamstrings and gluteus maximus
define avulsion
tendon pulling away from the bone
define epiphysis
the growth plate
define hip pointers
contusion(extreme bruise) of the iliac crest(those huge hip disks in the pelvis)
what is the main cause of hip, pelvis, and femur fractures
an avulsion disrupting the epiphysis
define contusion
extreme bruise
define laceration
an extremely deep cut in the skin
define labrum tears
not common. a tear in the labrum usually happens slowly and can flip into the joint which results in a groin pain along with restricted range of motion at the hip. usually surgically repaired
define avulsion fractures
a result of forceful muscle contractions that pull the bone away at the site where the tendon attaches
define stress fractures
uncommon. usually happens to runners. caused by repetitive stress. pounding can cause femur to bend slightly
define osteitis pubis
repeated stress to the pubic symphysis can cause it to become inflamed and painful. must use PRICES
in what directions do most hip dislocations occur in
posteriorly accompanied by fractures
define legg clave perthes disease
children and teens. disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur causing the tissue there to die
define myositisis ossificans
formation of bone tissue within the muscle
define hip bursitis
bursa is a fluid filled sac that reduces friction of the tendons. when it is irritated bc of too much pressure, it can become inflamed. snapping of the hip when going up the stairs
what type of joint is the knee
hinge joint
bones that form the knee joint
femur, tibia, patella
define the tibio-femoral joint
the primary movement of the knee. at the connection of the femur and tibia
define sesamoid
floating bone
primary muscles of the knee
quadriceps and hamstrings
purpose of the patella and patellafemoral joint
embedded in the patellar tendon which attaches the quadricep muscles to the tibia and protects the front of the joint
knee extensions is preformed by these four main quadricep muscles
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
four primary knee ligaments
Medial collateral (MCL), Lateral collateral (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
define menisci
ends of the tibia and the femur are covered and cushioned by pieces of tough cartilage tissue
how many bursa sacs surround the knee
14 bursa sacs
most common injury to the knee
sprains
define genu valgum aka knock knees
legs that curve outwards at the knee
define bowlegs, aka genu varum
legs that curve outwards and meet at the ankles
define Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
pain and discomfort around
the patella, As the knee bends, the patella is grated across the femur instead of riding smoothly
define chondromalacia
result of patellofemoral pain syndrome. the cartilage on the back of the patella to soften or wear away.
Patellar Dislocation
athlete’s patella will be forced to the lateral aspect of the knee, usually while the knee
is bent and forced to twist inward. clear deformity
define Patellar tendinitis aka jumpers knee
an overuse disorder characterized by quadriceps weakness, tenderness over the patellar tendon, and minimal swelling.
define Osgood-Schlatter Disorder
discomfort of the knee, swelling,
tenderness, and pain during activity. develop an irritation at the site of the patellar tendon attachment to the front of the tibia, or the tibial tuberosity.
define Fat pad syndrome aka Hoffa’s syndrome.
tenderness beneath the knee, swelling, and pain with extension. When an athlete
extends her knee, the fat pad can become trapped between the femur and patella
medical term for the bones in the toes
phalanges
how many bones are in the foot
28 bones
define metatarsals
the long bones of the foot;
define calcaneus
heel bone
define talus
ankle bone
define transverse arch
arch at the top of the foot
define longitudinal arch
the arch at the bottom of your foot
define Jones fracture
when the tendon at the fifth metatarsal (pinkie toe) pulls away
define Shin splints aka medial tibial stress syndrome.
common term for pain in the
lower leg. Some people use it to refer to muscle strains, stress fractures, and even tendinitis.
ankle dislocation can occur in these directions
posteriorly and anteriorly
define hammertoe
when the second toe is arched lightly
define bunion
think gout.
define Anterior Compartment Syndrome
The muscles to the anterior aspect of the tibia are enclosed in connective tissue.
