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Honors Anatomy And Physiology > Unit 5: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Unit 5: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture

Bone ends penetrate skin

A

Open (Compound)

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2
Q

Fracture
Fragments into 3 or more pieces
(elderly)

A

Comminuted

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3
Q

Fracture
Bone breaks incompletely
One side bent, one broken

A

Greenstick

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4
Q

Fracture
Caused by excessive twisting forces
(sport or abuse)

A

Sprial

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5
Q

Fracture

One bone fragment is driven into the medullary space or spongy bone of another

A

Impacted

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6
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Holds that bone will grow or remodel in response to the forces or demands placed on it

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7
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone build
Synthesize and secret bone matrix
Initiate calcification process

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8
Q

Osteosytes

A

Mature bone cell
Osteoblasts that are trapped by secretion of matrix
Doesn’t secret matrix
Maintains bone tissue

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Digest bone matrix

Bone reabsorption

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10
Q

Osteoperosis

A 
Disease
Bone reabsorption occurs faster than bone deposition
Bones become porous
Fractures become common
In women
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11
Q

Bone Remodeling

1. Bleeding occurs

A

Blood clots form

Hematoma develops

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12
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen -> span the break

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13
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Cartilage cells

A

Turn into osteoblasts

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14
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Osteoblasts

A

Begin forming spongy bone

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15
Q

Bone Remodeling

3. Spongey bone

A

Continues to grow

Takes 6-8 weeks

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16
Q

Bone Remodeling

4. For several months Osteoclasts,

A

Remodel

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17
Q

Bone Remodeling

4. For several months Osteoblasts,

A

Rebuild compact bone`

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18
Q

Intramembranous Ossification Bones

A

Cranial bones and clavicle
Flat bones
Irregular shaped
Spongey bone -> compact bone

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19
Q

Intramembranous Ossification Process

A

OBWL

  1. Ossification center appears
  2. Bone matrix (osteoid) secreted
  3. Woven bone and periosteum form
  4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone, Red bone marrow
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20
Q

Bone Remodeling

A

BFSF

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21
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A 
All bones below skull bones
Not clavicle
Hyaline cartilage -> replaced by bone
Epiphyseal
Plate = Adolescence Line = Adulthood
22
Q

Endochondral Ossification Process

A

BCSDE

  1. Bone collar laid around diaphysis
  2. Cartilage in center calcifies and cavities develop
  3. Spongey bone forms
  4. Diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms
  5. Epiphysis
23
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of bone
Mostly spongey
Proximal
Distal

24
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft

Compact bone

25
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline
Covers ends
Decreases friction

26
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Cavity of shaft
Yellow marrow -> Adults
Red marrow -> Blood cell formation in infants

27
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside covering of diaphysis

Fibrous connective tissue membrane

28
Q

Arteries

A

Supply bone cells with nutrients

29
Q

Osteon (Haversian System)

A

Unit of bone

30
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

Opening in the center

For blood vessels and nerves

31
Q

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

A

Perpendicular to central canal

For blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

Lacunae

A

Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)

Arranged in rings

33
Q

Lamelle

A

Rings around central canal

34
Q

Cannaliculi

A

Tiny canals
Transport system
Central canal to lacune

35
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bones are held together by dense fibrous tissues

No joint cavity

36
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Held together by cartilage
No joint cavity
Ex. epiphyseal plates of long bones

37
Q

Synovial joints

A

Bones separated by a joint cavity
Lubricated by synovial fluid
Enclosed in fibrous joint capsule
Ex. shoulder, elbow, knee

38
Q

Plane joint

A

Synovial joint
Carpals
Gliding

39
Q

Hinge joint

A

Synovial joint
Humerus, Ulna
Flexion and extension

40
Q

Pivot joint

A

Synovial joint
Ulna
Uniaxial rotation

41
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Synovial joint
Carpals, metacarpals
Angular motions

42
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Synovial joint
Thumbs
Greater freedom of movement

43
Q

Ball-and-Socket joint

A

Synovial joint
Scapula, Humerus
Multiaxial, most free moving

44
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints

45
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

46
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

47
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous Joint
Seams
Between skull bones

48
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Fibrous joint
Connected by ligaments
Tibia and Fibula

49
Q

Gomphosis

A

Fibrous joint
Peg-in-Socket
Teeth

50
Q

Synchondroses

A

Cartilaginous joint
Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal plate

51
Q

Symphyses

A

Cartilaginous joint
Bones united by fibrocartilage
Vertebrae

Honors Anatomy And Physiology (3 decks)

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