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Honors Anatomy And Physiology > Unit 5: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Unit 5: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture

Bone ends penetrate skin

A

Open (Compound)

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2
Q

Fracture
Fragments into 3 or more pieces
(elderly)

A

Comminuted

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3
Q

Fracture
Bone breaks incompletely
One side bent, one broken

A

Greenstick

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4
Q

Fracture
Caused by excessive twisting forces
(sport or abuse)

A

Sprial

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5
Q

Fracture

One bone fragment is driven into the medullary space or spongy bone of another

A

Impacted

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6
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Holds that bone will grow or remodel in response to the forces or demands placed on it

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7
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone build
Synthesize and secret bone matrix
Initiate calcification process

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8
Q

Osteosytes

A

Mature bone cell
Osteoblasts that are trapped by secretion of matrix
Doesn’t secret matrix
Maintains bone tissue

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Digest bone matrix

Bone reabsorption

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10
Q

Osteoperosis

A 
Disease
Bone reabsorption occurs faster than bone deposition
Bones become porous
Fractures become common
In women
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11
Q

Bone Remodeling

1. Bleeding occurs

A

Blood clots form

Hematoma develops

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12
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen -> span the break

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13
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Cartilage cells

A

Turn into osteoblasts

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14
Q

Bone Remodeling

2. Osteoblasts

A

Begin forming spongy bone

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15
Q

Bone Remodeling

3. Spongey bone

A

Continues to grow

Takes 6-8 weeks

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16
Q

Bone Remodeling

4. For several months Osteoclasts,

A

Remodel

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17
Q

Bone Remodeling

4. For several months Osteoblasts,

A

Rebuild compact bone`

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18
Q

Intramembranous Ossification Bones

A

Cranial bones and clavicle
Flat bones
Irregular shaped
Spongey bone -> compact bone

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19
Q

Intramembranous Ossification Process

A

OBWL

  1. Ossification center appears
  2. Bone matrix (osteoid) secreted
  3. Woven bone and periosteum form
  4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone, Red bone marrow
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20
Q

Bone Remodeling

A

BFSF

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21
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A 
All bones below skull bones
Not clavicle
Hyaline cartilage -> replaced by bone
Epiphyseal
Plate = Adolescence Line = Adulthood
22
Q

Endochondral Ossification Process

A

BCSDE

  1. Bone collar laid around diaphysis
  2. Cartilage in center calcifies and cavities develop
  3. Spongey bone forms
  4. Diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms
  5. Epiphysis
23
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of bone
Mostly spongey
Proximal
Distal

24
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft

Compact bone

25
Articular cartilage
Hyaline Covers ends Decreases friction
26
Medullary Cavity
Cavity of shaft Yellow marrow -> Adults Red marrow -> Blood cell formation in infants
27
Periosteum
Outside covering of diaphysis | Fibrous connective tissue membrane
28
Arteries
Supply bone cells with nutrients
29
Osteon (Haversian System)
Unit of bone
30
Central (Haversian) canal
Opening in the center | For blood vessels and nerves
31
Perforating (Volkmann's) canals
Perpendicular to central canal | For blood vessels and nerves
32
Lacunae
Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) | Arranged in rings
33
Lamelle
Rings around central canal
34
Cannaliculi
Tiny canals Transport system Central canal to lacune
35
Fibrous joints
Bones are held together by dense fibrous tissues | No joint cavity
36
Cartilaginous joints
Held together by cartilage No joint cavity Ex. epiphyseal plates of long bones
37
Synovial joints
Bones separated by a joint cavity Lubricated by synovial fluid Enclosed in fibrous joint capsule Ex. shoulder, elbow, knee
38
Plane joint
Synovial joint Carpals Gliding
39
Hinge joint
Synovial joint Humerus, Ulna Flexion and extension
40
Pivot joint
Synovial joint Ulna Uniaxial rotation
41
Condyloid joint
Synovial joint Carpals, metacarpals Angular motions
42
Saddle Joint
Synovial joint Thumbs Greater freedom of movement
43
Ball-and-Socket joint
Synovial joint Scapula, Humerus Multiaxial, most free moving
44
Synarthroses
Immovable joints
45
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints
46
Diarthroses
Freely movable joints
47
Sutures
Fibrous Joint Seams Between skull bones
48
Syndesmoses
Fibrous joint Connected by ligaments Tibia and Fibula
49
Gomphosis
Fibrous joint Peg-in-Socket Teeth
50
Synchondroses
Cartilaginous joint Bones united by hyaline cartilage Epiphyseal plate
51
Symphyses
Cartilaginous joint Bones united by fibrocartilage Vertebrae

Honors Anatomy And Physiology (3 decks)

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