Unit 5: Skeletal System Flashcards
Leiomy/o
Smooth muscle
Muscul/o
Muscle
My/o
Muscle
Brachi/o
Arm
Carp/o
Carpus (wrist bone)
Cephal/o
Head
Cervic/o
Neck; cervix
Clavicul/o
Clavical; collar bone
Cost/o
Ribs
Crani/o
Cranium
Dactyl/o
Fingers; toes
Humer/o
Humerus (upper arm bone)
Metacarp/o
Metacarpus (hand bones)
Phalang/o
Phalanges ( bones of the fingers)
Radi/o
Radiation, xray or radius
Spondyl/o
Vertebrae
Vertebr/o
Vertebrae
Stern/o
Sternumn
Thorac/o
Chest
Calcane/o
Calcaneum ( heel bone)
Femor/o
Femur (thigh bone)
Fibul/o
Fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)
Ili/o
Ilium (lateral portion of the hip bone)
Ischi/o
Ischium (lower portion of hip bone)
Lumb/o
Loins (lower back)
Metatars/o
Metatarsus ( foot bone)
Patell/o
Patella (kneecap)
Pelv/i
Pelvis
Pod/o
Foot
Ped/i
Foot
Pub/o
Pubis (anterior part of pelvic bone)
Tibi/o
Tibia (larger part of lower leg bone)
Ankyl/o
Stiffness; bent, crooked
Arthr/o
Joint
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Fasci/o
Band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
Fibr/o
Fiber, fibrous tissue
Kyph/o
Humpback
Lamin/o
Lamina (part of vertebral arch)
Lord/o
Curve, swayback
Myel/o
Bone marrow; spinal cord
Orth/o
Straight
Oste/o
Bone
Scoli/o
Crooked, bent
Synov/o
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
Ten/o
Tendon
Tend/o
Tendon
Tendin/o
Tendon
Asthenia
Weakness, debility
-clasia
To break, surgical fracture
-clast
To break, surgical fracture
-desis
Binding, fixation
-malacia
Softening
-porosis
Porous
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
a-
Without, not
Dys-
Bad; painful
Syn-
Union, together joined
Orthopedics
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
Orthopedist
Orthopedic surgeons
Rheumatologist
Specializes in joint disease
Fracture
Break or crack in a bone
Reduction
Restoring bone to its normal position
Closed reduction
Repairing the fracture without a surgical incision
Open reduction
Realignment of two broken ends of the bone takes place by exposing the fracture using surgery
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures resulting in crippling deformities
Osteoarthritis
Aka degenerative joint disease
Most common form of arthritis that occurs when protective cartilage at the ends of bones wear down
Closed fracture
Bone is broken but no open wound in skin
Open fracture
Bone breaks through the skin
Comminuted fracture
Bone is crushed into several pieces
Impacted fracture
Broken ends of a bone are forced into one another
Incomplete fracture
Line of fracture does not include the whole bone
Greenstick fracture
Bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft
Colles fracture
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
Muscular dystrophy
A group of 30 or more inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness of skeletal muscles and loss of muscle masss
Sarcomas
Malignancies that originate from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, and cells of the lymphatic system
Osteosarcoma
Develops from bone tissue and generally affects knees, upper arms, and upper legs
Bunion
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
Claudication
Lameness, limping
Ganglion cyst
Fluid filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrist or Hands but may also appear in the feet
Gout
Joint inflammation caused by Uric-acid crystal deposits in the joint space
Herniated disk
Rupture of a vertebral disks center through its outer edge causing pain, numbness or weakness
Hypotonia
Loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
Myasthenia gravis
Chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone
Osteoporosis
Loss of calcium and bone tissue causing bone to become porous, brittle and easily fractured
Phantom limb
Perceived sensations, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
Rickets
Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency also called rachitis
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
Abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine (hunchback)
Lordosis
Abnormal inwards curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine aka sway back
Spondylolisthesis
Any slipping of a vertebrae from its normal position in a relationship to the one beneath it
Spondylosis
Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
Sprain and strain
Overstretching or tearing ligaments ( sprain) or muscle or tendon ( strain)
Subluxation
Partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae
Arthrography
Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity
Bone density test
Noninvasive procedure that uses low energy x ray absorption to measure bone mineral density
Myelography
Radiography of the spinal cord, after injection of contrast to identify spinal distortions
Amputation
Partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease
Arthrocentesis
Puncture of a joint space, using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
Arthroclasia
Surgical breaking of an anklylosed joint to provide
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and it’s structures using eight in flexible, fiberscopic scope called arthroscope
Bone grafting
Implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body
Bursectomy
Excision of a bursa 
Laminectomy
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
Total hip replacement
Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
Bone immobilization
Procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
Casting
Bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar materials
Splinting
Bone immobilization by application of a orthopedic device to the injured body part
Traction
Set of mechanism for strengthening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system
Muscle relaxants
Cyclobenzaprine ( flexeril)
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
NSAID’S
Ibuprofen ( advil)
Naproxen (aleve)
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
BMD
Bone mineral density
CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
DEXA/ DXA
Dual energy Xray absorptiometry
DMARD’s
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
DO/ D.O
Doctor of osteopathy
HNP
Herniated nucleus pulposus
NSAID’s
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
TRAM
Transverse recuts abdominis muscle
-plasty
Surgical repair
-schisis
Splitting
-physis
Growth
Sub-
Beneath or below
Supra-
Excessive or above
Osteopneia
Softening of bone
Acetaminophen
Tylenol
FX
Fracture
ROM
Range of motion
TKR
Total knee replacement
ORIF
Open reduction internal fixation