unit 5 section 1 period 3 elements Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when you react water with sodium(Na) and magnesium(Mg)
(3)

A

Na - reacts vigorously with cold water and forms a molten ball on the surface. it fizzes and produces the gas H2. forms a strongly alkaline (PH 12-14)

Mg - it reacts very slowly cold water to form a weakly alkaline solution ( PH 9-10 ).

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2
Q

what is the equation for the reaction of sodium with water and also give the equation for the reaction of magnesium with water
(2)

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) = 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) = Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2 (g)

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3
Q

why does magnesium form a weakly alkaline solution when it reacts with water
(1)

A

this is because Magnesium hydroxide is not very soluble in water, which means not many OH- ions are produced.

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4
Q

what is the equation for the reaction of Mg with steam
(1)

A

Mg(s) + H2O(l) = MgO(s) + H2(g)

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5
Q

what happens when you react sodium(Na) with oxygen, give the flame colour and the equation
(3)

A

sodium burns vigorously in oxygen with a orange flame and a solid oxide is formed
2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) = Na2O

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6
Q

what happens when Mg burns in oxygen, give the flame colour and the equation
(3)

A

Mg burns vigorously in oxygen with and intense white flame and produces a solid oxide
Mg(s) + 1/2O2(g) = MgO(s)

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7
Q

what happens when you burn aluminium in oxygen, give the flame colour and the equation
(2)

A

Al burns slowly in oxygen if powdered. if not then an oxide layer forms on the surface which inhibits the reaction. burns a bright white flame
2Al(s) + 3/2 O2(g) = Al2O3(s)

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8
Q

what happens when you burn silicon in oxygen and give the equation
(2)

A
  • if powdered it reacts slowly
    Si(s) + O2(g) = SiO2(s)
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9
Q

what happens when you burn phosphorus in oxygen, give the flame colour and the equation
(3)

A

it burns spontaneously and burns a bright white light and produces a solid oxide
P4(s) + 5O2(g) = P4O10(s)

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10
Q

what happens when you burn sulfur in oxygen, give the flame colour and the equations
(4)

A

sulfur burns steadily in air( with gentle heating) to produce a blue flame and produces a gaseous oxide
S(s) + O2(g) = SO2(g)
SO2(g) + 1/2O2(g) = SO3(g)

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11
Q

why does MgO, Al2O3 and Na2O all have high melting points
(2)

A

this is because they all form giant ionic lattices, this means is takes a lot of heat energy to break the bonds and melt them.

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12
Q

why does magnesium oxide have a higher melting point than sodium oxide
(2)

A

this is because magnesium oxide forms a 2+ ion attracts the O2- ions more strongly than the sodium 1+ ions in sodium dioxide.

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13
Q

why is the melting point of aluminum oxide lower than magnesium oxide
(3)

A

this is because the difference in electronegativity between the Al and O isn’t as big as the difference in electronegativity of Mg and O. This means that the O2- ions in Al2O3 cannot attract the metal-oxygen bonds as strongly as MgO. this means that the aluminium has covalent character which means that less energy is required to break the bonds.

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14
Q

why does silicon dioxide have a higher melting point than all the other non-metals
(2)

A

this is because it forms a giant molecular structure, this means strong covalent bonds hold the structure together which means it requires alot of energy to break those bonds

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15
Q

why does P4O10 & SO3 have the lowest melting points in period 3
(2)

A

this is because they form simple molecular structures, which means the molecules are attached together by weak intermolecular forces ( van der Waals ) which require little energy to overcome.

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16
Q

what happens when Na2O and MgO react with water
(1)

A

they both form alkaline solutions, but NaOH is more soluble in water so it forms a more alkaline solution than Mg(OH)2

17
Q

why when Mgo and Na2O react with water do they form alkaline solutions
(1)

A

this is because the O2- in the compound accepts a proton and from hydroxide ions which causes the solution to be alkaline.

18
Q

what happens when you react P4O10 and SO3 with water
(1)

A

they form acidic solutions that are strong with a PH around 0-1

19
Q

give the equations for the reaction P4O10 with water and SO2 & SO3 with water
(3)

A

P4O10 + 6H2O = 4H3Po4
SO2 + H2O = H2SO3
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4

20
Q

what does amphoteric mean
(1)

A

it means it can act as a base or and acid

21
Q

give examples of the reactions showing that aluminum is amphoteric

A

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O = 2NaAl(OH)4

22
Q

why does silicon dioxide not react with water

A

this is because silicon dioxide forms a giant covalent structure, which have many strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to break therefore it is insoluble. however it does react with a base an is therefore classified as an acid

23
Q

why does aluminium oxide not react with water

A

this is because aluminium oxide is amphoteric, it can act as a base and an acid and is insoluble