Unit 5 Review

Question 1

What are two ways that DNA replication and transcription are different?

Answer 1

DNA replication produces a copy of the DNA while transcription produces an MRNA strand. The purpose of DNA replication is to allow the cell to divide, while the purpose of transcription is for gene expression

Question 2

What is one way that DNA replication and transcription are similar?

Answer 2

Both processes use a single strand of DNA as a template for making a new strand of either DNA or MRNA that is complementary to the original.

Question 3

A diploid cell would have ______ of each chromosome and a haploid cell would have ______ of each chromosome.

Answer 3

two copies, one copy

Question 3

What is the importance of the hydrogen bonds to the function of a DNA molecule?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands together to form the double helix. These bonds are strong enough to maintain the structure of DNA but weak enough to be broken down when the two strands separate during DNA replication or transcription.

Question 4

Describe the structure of DNA in terms of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Answer 4

Each strand of the double helix is composed of many nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. Covalent bonds hold all the atoms together within each DNA strand, while the two strands are held together with hydrogen bonds.

Question 5

The cell pictured is neither diploid nor haploid because there is only one copy of _____ while there are two copies of _____.

Answer 5

chromosome 2, chromosomes 1 and 3

Question 6

This cell would likely not be viable because it would express less protein from genes located on _____.

Answer 6

chromosome 2