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AP Psych Unit 5 > Unit 5: Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Unit 5: Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Health Psychology?

A

Study of our physical health.

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2
Q

What is Stress?

A

Certain events we perceive as threatening or challenging.

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3
Q

What is Eustress?

A

Positive stress that motivates you and builds resilience.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

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4
Q

What is Distress?

A

Negative stress that is debilitating and creates a negative feedback loop.

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5
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.

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6
Q

What are Day-to-Day Stressors?

A

Friends in classes, relationships, homework, identity, and social media.

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7
Q

What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

A

Childhood experiences that impact stress, such as abuse, neglect, and household challenges.

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8
Q

What is Kurt Lewin’s Conflict Theory?

A

Approach-Approach: two good options; Approach-Avoidance: pros and cons; Avoidance-Avoidance: two bad options, which causes stress.

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9
Q

What characterizes a Type A Personality?

A

Impatient, competitive, hostile, hard-working, organized, and ambitious.

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10
Q

What characterizes a Type B Personality?

A

Easygoing, patient, less competitive, flexible, relaxed, and less organized.

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11
Q

What are some biological effects of stress?

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure), headaches, immune suppression, and coronary heart disease. (blood flow restriction, narrow arteries, high stress)

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12
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

A

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, which can be affected by high stress.

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13
Q

What is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A

How we deal with stress over time: 1. Alarm (fight or flight); 2. Resistance (prolonged stress response); 3. Exhaustion.

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14
Q

What is Exhaustion in the context of stress?

A

The state where the body becomes vulnerable to illness and burnout.

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15
Q

What is the Tend-and-Befriend response?

A

A social support response that is more common in women.

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16
Q

What is Problem-Focused Coping?

A

Tackling the stressor directly to find a solution.

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17
Q

What is Emotion-Focused Coping?

A

Ignoring the stressor and managing emotions, such as through meditation.

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18
Q

What is an Internal Locus of Control?

A

The belief that one controls their own fate.

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19
Q

What is Positive Psychology?

A

The study of positive emotions and well-being.

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20
Q

What is the Broaden-and-Build Theory?

A

The idea that positive emotions expand thinking and social behavior, proposed by Barbara Fredrickson.

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21
Q

What is the Positivity Ratio?

A

The balance of positive to negative emotions.

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22
Q

What are some indicators of Happiness?

A

Increased grey matter, left frontal lobe activation, and higher levels of dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins.

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23
Q

What social factors contribute to Happiness?

A

Feeling safe and supported, enjoying activities, and practicing healthiness.

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24
Q

What is the Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon?

A

When people feel good, they are more likely to help others.

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25
What is Grit?
Determination and perseverance.
26
What is Flow?
Deep engagement in an activity, losing track of time.
27
What is the Hedonic Treadmill?
The tendency to return to a baseline level of happiness.
28
What is the relationship between Secure Livelihoods and Happiness?
Greater happiness is associated with secure livelihoods.
29
What is the Adaptation-Level Phenomenon?
Judging experiences based on past experiences.
30
What is Relative Deprivation?
Feeling deprived compared to others.
31
What is the Faith Factor?
Religious activity linked to longevity.
32
What are the Benefits of Religion?
Healthier behaviors, social support, and belief in hope and stability.
33
What are Signature Strengths?
Character strengths identified by Martin Seligman, including courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence, and wisdom.
34
What does Courage encompass?
Bravery, honesty, perseverance, and zest.
35
What does Humanity encompass?
Kindness, social intelligence, and love.
36
What does Justice encompass?
Fairness, leadership, and teamwork.
37
What does Temperance encompass?
Forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-regulation.
38
What does Transcendence encompass?
Appreciation of beauty, gratitude, and spirituality.
39
What does Wisdom encompass?
Creativity, curiosity, perspective, and love of learning.
40
What is Post-Traumatic Growth?
Resilience and personal growth after trauma.
41
What is the overview of Psychological Disorders?
There is no single operational definition.
42
What is the Stopping of Purposeful Functioning?
Disruptions in cognition, emotion, and behavior.
43
What is the prevalence of Psychological Disorders?
1 in 4 people could be diagnosed.
44
When do most Psychological Disorders emerge?
Most disorders emerge by age 25.
45
What is Moral Treatment?
An early mental health care approach.
46
What is the Medical Model?
The idea that disorders can be diagnosed and treated.
47
What was the Central Lunatic Asylum for the Colored Insane?
Established in 1869, it highlighted racial disparities in mental health care.
48
Who was Dorothea Dix?
An advocate for humane treatment of the mentally ill who led reforms.
49
What is Deinstitutionalization?
The movement away from long-term psychiatric hospitals.
50
What was the Rosenhan Experiment?
Pseudopatients were admitted to mental institutions to study diagnosis.
51
What are the factors for Diagnosis?
Dysfunction, distress, and deviation from social norms (must be long-term).
52
What are the consequences of Diagnosis?
Positive: understanding, treatment, support; Negative: stigma, discrimination, social norms.
53
What are the training and diagnostic tools?
DSM-5 (American, APA) and ICD (World Health Organization).
54
What are Behavioral Perspectives?
Learned behaviors through conditioning and observational learning.
55
What is the Psychodynamic Perspective?
Focus on unconscious influences and childhood experiences.
56
What is the Humanistic Perspective?
Emphasis on personal growth and self-actualization.
57
What is the Cognitive Perspective?
Focus on thought patterns, memory, and perception.
58
What is the Evolutionary Perspective?
Adaptation for survival.
59
What is the Sociocultural Perspective?
Impact of culture, society, and relationships.
60
What is the Biological Perspective?
Focus on genetics, brain function, and neurotransmitters.
61
What is the Interaction Model?
A biopsychosocial approach, including diathesis-stress model and eclectic approach.
62
What are Cultural Differences in psychology?
Nationality, race, etc., affect disorder prevalence and diagnosis.
63
What are Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
Developmental delays, including ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
64
What is ADHD?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
65
What are Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders?
Characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).
66
What is Hoarding Disorder?
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
67
What are Depressive Disorders?
Sad, empty, or irritable mood; includes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder.
68
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
A mood disorder characterized by two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods and loss of interest.
69
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?
A form of chronic depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as MDD.
70
What are Bipolar Disorders?
Cycles of depression and mania; includes Bipolar I (severe mania) and Bipolar II (mild mania).
71
What are Anxiety Disorders?
Excessive fear or anxiety; includes Specific Phobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder.
72
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear or avoidance of situations where one has felt loss of control and panic.
73
What is Panic Disorder?
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable episodes of intense dread.
74
What is Ataque de Nervios?
A form of panic disorder found in Latinos from the Caribbean, characterized by uncontrollable screaming and crying.
75
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
An anxiety disorder characterized by continual tension and apprehension.
76
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
Intense fear of social situations leading to avoidance.
77
What is Taijin Kyofusho?
A Japanese fear of offending or embarrassing others.
78
What is Schizophrenia?
Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and catatonia.
79
What is Catatonic Excitement?
Extreme restlessness.
80
What is Catatonic Stupor?
An immobile, expressionless, comalike state.
81
What are Dissociative Disorders?
Disruptions in memory, identity, and perception, including DID and dissociative amnesia.
82
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
A rare disorder where a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
83
What are Personality Disorders?
Enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior.
84
What is Bipolar I?
Characterized by severe manic episodes, which may include depressive episodes.
85
What is Bipolar II?
Characterized by milder manic episodes (hypomania) with depressive episodes.
86
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.
87
What is Panic Disorder?
Characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
88
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
Intense fear of social situations and negative evaluation.
89
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Prolonged feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities.
90
Dissociative amnesia
memory loss not explained by injury or illness
91
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?
Chronic but milder depression.
92
What are the biological causes of Psychological Disorders?
Biological: genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances;
93
behavioral causes of disorders
Behavioral: maladaptive learned behaviors;
94
cognitive causes of disorders
Cognitive: distorted thinking patterns;
95
sociocultural causes of disorders
Sociocultural: environmental influences;
96
interactionist causes of disorders
Interactionist: biopsychosocial model.
97
What are Treatment Approaches for Psychological Disorders?
Psychotherapy (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy), Biological Treatment (medications), and Social Support.
98
biological treatment
medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers)
99
Social Support
community and familial intervention
100
What are the personality disorders in Cluster A?
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal (eccentric, odd, unusual)
101
What characterizes paranoid personality disorder?
Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others.
102
What characterizes schizoid personality disorder?
Persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.
103
What characterizes schizotypal personality disorder?
Interpersonal problems, including inappropriate affect, paranoid/magical thinking, and off beliefs.
104
What are the personality disorders in Cluster B?
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic (BEED, emotional, erratic, dramatic)
105
What characterizes antisocial personality disorder?
Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family; may be aggressive or a clever con artist.
106
What characterizes borderline personality disorder?
Extreme instability in mood, identity, impulse control, and self-image.
107
What characterizes narcissistic personality disorder?
Grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and need for constant attention.
108
What characterizes histrionic personality disorder?
Excessive emotionality, preoccupation with being the center of attention, emotional shallowness, and overly dramatic behavior.
109
What are the personality disorders in Cluster C?
Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive (anxious, fearful)
110
What characterizes avoidant personality disorder?
Consistent discomfort in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.
111
What characterizes dependent personality disorder?
Pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of.
112
What characterizes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

AP Psych Unit 5 (1 decks)

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