Unit 5 Questions Flashcards
Describe the features of a gene which enable it to code for a particular protein (4)
Gene is a set length of DNA Gene is a sequence of bases Triplet code Triplet coding for amino acid Degenerate code, non-overlapping Sequence of triplets
Describe how the new protein is made once the gene has been inserted into the cell (7)
Unzipping the DNA Involving breaking of hydrogen bonds Assembly of mRNA nucleotides Complementary base pairing Polymerase mRNA enters ribosomes Specific tRNA molecule associated with specific amino acid Codon - anticodon relationship Formation of peptide bond
Describe how a particular gene can be removed from the DNA of an animal (2)
Locate using gene probe
Use restriction enzyme
To cut specific sequence
Breaking sugar-phosphate bonds
Describe how a gene can be inserted into the genetic material of a bacterium (4)
Restitution enzymes (same one as before) Cut at same base sequence in bacterial DNA to human DNA Leave sticky ends Splice together with DNA ligase Use a plasmid
Give two ways in which the structure of the RNA duplex differs from the structure of DNA (2)
RNA has uracil, DNA has thymine
RNA has ribose, DNA has deoxyribose
RNA is shorter than DNA
What is an intron? (1)
Region of non-coding DNA
When a person is bitten by a poisonous snake, doctors try to identify the snake so that the correct type of antivenin can be used. Explain why the bite of a particular species of poisonous snake must be treated with the correct type of antivenin (2)
Different venoms contain different antigens
Antibodies only fit with antigens of the right shape/ complementary
Explain how enzymes and vectors may be used to isolate genes and insert them into another organism (6)
Restriction enzymes Cut DNA at specific sites Same enzyme cuts gene in the plasmid DNA ligase Joins the two pieces of DNA together (the gene and the plasmid) Vector needed to insert DNA into a host
