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Chemistry > Unit 5 Questions > Flashcards

Unit 5 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

How does reactivity vary across the s block?

A

It is highest at the bottom of group 1

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2
Q

How does basic strength vary across the s block?

A

It is highest at the bottom of group 1

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3
Q

What do all s block metals react with?

A

Acids (vigorously), oxygen, and burn in air

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4
Q

How do s-block elements form oxides?

A

Group 1: 4M + O2 —> 2M2O
Group 2: 2M + O2 —> 2MO

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5
Q

What happens if you add acid to an s-block oxide?

A

They are basic so you make salt and water

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6
Q

What happens if an s-block metal reacts with water? How does this reaction vary through the groups?

A

It forms a hydroxide.

Group 1: The effervescence caused becomes increasingly more violent and from K onwards the hydrogen released can even ignite

Group 2: Be shows no reaction at all, Mg reacts only very slowly with water but well with steam. The rest are normal.

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7
Q

Group 2 metal ions with OH- ions

A

Solubility increases

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8
Q

Group 2 metal ions with CO3(2-) ions

A

They are all insoluble

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9
Q

Group 2 metal ions with SO4(2-)

A

Solubility decreases

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10
Q

Group 2 metals with nitrates

A

All soluble

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11
Q

How can we differentiate between group 2 carbonates by heating?

A

The decompose into an oxide and CO2. As thermal stability increases down the group, the reaction slows down

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12
Q

How can we differentiate between group 2 hydroxides by heating?

A

They decompose to form an oxide and water. As thermal stability increases down the group, the reaction becomes slower

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13
Q

How does the solubility of group 2 hydroxides vary?

A

Increases down group

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14
Q

How does the solubility of group 2 sulphites vary?

A

Decreases down group

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15
Q

How does melting temperature vary among the halogens

A

It increases down the group

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16
Q

What do halogens form halides with?

A

Metals. I realise that was a stupid question - I’m very sorry

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17
Q

How does reactivity vary among the halogens?

A

It decreases down the group

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18
Q

How do we carry out the white cream yellow precipitate test on halogens?

A

Add dilute aqueous nitric acid HNO3 followed by aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3

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19
Q

How do we differentiate between the different silver nitrate precipitates?

A

Add ammonia. Silver chloride dissolves in dilute ammonia, silver bromide in concentrated ammonia, and silver iodide not at all.

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20
Q

How do reactivity, oxidising power, and volatility vary amongst the halogens?

A

They decrease down the group

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21
Q

What, when reacting with sodium metal, produces a bright orange flame and a white solid?

A

Any halogen

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22
Q

What is observed when a halogen reacts with a sodium metal?

A

A bright orange flame and a white solid

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23
Q

What does iron wool glow and burn in before making a brown gas?

A

Halogen vapour

24
Q

What happens if you put iron wool in halogen vapour? How does this vary amongst the halogens?

A

It glows and burns. This starts less readily further down the group.

25
Q

What colour change follows the reduction of permanganate?

A

Purple to almost colourless

26
Q

What colour change follows the reduction of dichromate?

A

Orange to green

27
Q

What colour change follows the reduction of iodine?

A

Brown to colourless

28
Q

What colour changes take place when aqueous S2O3(2-) is oxidised by aqueous I2, followed by the addition of starch?

A

Iodine colour fades to pale yellow. Starch turns mixture blue/black which is also decolourised

29
Q

What colour changes follow in the reaction between aqueous iodine and aqueous copper (II)?

A

The blue solution loses its colour. A white precipitate of CuI and a brown solution of I2 is formed

30
Q

What colour changes follow the reaction between aqueous manganate and aqueous Fe(2+) with excess aqueous H2SO4?

A

Turns pink

31
Q

How does the stability of different oxidation states vary across the p-block?

A

Lower oxidation states become more stable down the group

32
Q

What kind of pH does CO2 have?

A

It is acidic - makes a salt with an alkali

33
Q

Describe PbO (acidity, appearance) and the solubility of its salts

A

Orange amphoteric solid. Salts are insoluble unless you add nitric acid

34
Q

Describe the reactions of group IV chlorides with water

A

SiCl4 reacts quickly and violently
CCl4 forms separate liquid layer (no access to Si’s D orbitals)
PbCl2 does not react

35
Q

Name the only two soluble lead salts

A

Pb(NO3)2 and Pb(CH3COO)2

36
Q

Describe the appearance of Pb(OH)2

A

White precipitate

37
Q

Describe the appearance of Pb(OH)4

A

Colourless solution

38
Q

Describe the appearance of PbCl2

A

White precipitate

39
Q

Describe the appearance of PbI2

A

BRIGHT YELLOW PRECIPITATE!!

40
Q

Describe the observations of Cl with H2SO4

A

HCl doesn’t react further - only white misty fumes

41
Q

Describe the observations of Br with H2SO4

A

Steamy fumes (HBr), orange fumes (Br2), and choking gas (SO2)

42
Q

Describe the observations of I with H2SO4

A

Steamy fumes (HI), purple fumes (I2), yellow solid (S), and rotten egg smell (H2S)

43
Q

What is the colour of [CoCl4] (2-)?

A

Blue

44
Q

What is the colour of [CuCl4] (2-)?

A

Yellow/green

45
Q

What is the colour of [Fe(H2O)6] (2+)?

A

Pale green

46
Q

What is the colour of [Fe(H2O)6] (3+)?

A

Yellow

47
Q

What is the colour of [Cr(H2O)6] (3+)?

A

Dark green

48
Q

What is the colour of [Co(H2O)6] (2+)?

A

Pink

49
Q

What is the colour of [Cu(H2O)6] (2+)?

A

Blue

50
Q

What is the colour of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] (2+)?

A

Royal blue

51
Q

Dropwise and excess OH- with [Cr(H2O)6] (3+)

A

Grey-green ppt, ppt dissolves giving deep green solution

52
Q

Dropwise and excess OH- with [Fe(H2O)6] (2+)

A

Dark green ppt, no further reaction

53
Q

Dropwise and excess OH- with [Fe(H2O)6] (3+)

A

Red-brown ppt, no further reaction

54
Q

Dropwise and excess OH- with [Cu(H2O)6] (2+)

A

Pale blue ppt, no further reaction

55
Q

Give the formula for Kc

A

[C]^c [D]^d / [A]^a [B]^b

56
Q

Give the formula for Kp

A

P(C)^c P(D)^d / P(A)^a P(B)^b

57
Q

Which factors affect the values of Kp and Kc?

A

Only temperature

Chemistry (9 decks)

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