Unit 5 : Operating System Overview Flashcards
What will happen to a computer without an operating system? ( 6 )
- Program instructions must be loaded into memory by hand
- No user interface ( UI ) except for I/O routines provided with executing program
- Program will be always idle when waiting for user input
- No facility to store, retrieve, or manipulate files
- No ability to control peripheral devices
- Can run only one program at a time , computer halts at end of each program
What is the basic services of an operating system? ( 3 )
- Accepts commands and requests from users and users’ programs and responds with appropriate output results
- Manages, loads, and executes programs
- Manages hardware resources of the computer including interfaces to networks and other external parts of the system
List out 2 methods for concurrent operations
- Multitasking
- Use concurrent processing to simulate simultaneous execution of multiple programs even when using only a single CPU
- Multiprocessing
What concurrent operations supports multiuser systems?
- Multitasking
Which concurrent operations uses actualsimultaneous processing of multiple programs using either multiple CPUs or multiple CPU cores?
- Multiprocessing
What is the additional services of Operating System? ( 9 )
- Provides interfaces for the user and the user’s programs
- File management and support services
- I/O support services
- Means of starting the computer
- Handles all interrupt processing
- Network services
- Services to allocate resources such as memory, CPU time, and I/O devices
- Security and protection services
- System administration
List out the memory component in Operating System ( 3 )
- Memory Resident
- Memory Non-Resident
- Bootstrap Program ( Initial Program Load )
What memory components is always loaded in memory?
- Memory Resident
What is the other name for Memory Resident?
- Kernel
What does memory resident contains?
- Contains essential services required by other parts of the operating system and applications
What does memory resident ( kernel ) responsible for? ( 4 )
- Managing Memory Management
- Managing Processes
- Managing Tasks
- Manage Secondary Storage
What does Memory Non-Resident stores?
- Infrequently used programs
- Software Tools
- Commands
List out the General Purpose Computing Systems Categories ( 8 )
- Single-user, single tasking
- Single-user, multitasking
- Mainframes
- Network servers
- Distributed systems
- Real-time systems
- Operating Systems for mobile devices
- Embedded Systems
What general purpose computing systems categories is essentially obsolete?
- Single-user, single tasking
What is also known as conversational systems? ( OS Degree of Activity )
- Interactive
- When we are trying to delete a file, the OS would confirm to us if we wanted to delete the file
What lets users submits programs or jobs for processing which had little to no user interaction ? ( OS Degree of Activity )
- Batch Processing
- Ctrl + A and delete all the file from Recycle Bin
What interrupts or service requests? ( OS Degree of Activity )
- Event Driven
- Left , Right Click
What is the rules between hardware and OS ?
- Hardware plpatform may suport a variety of OS
- An OS may work on a variety of platforms
What services and facilities does OS provides? ( 10 )
- Command Processor
- File Management System
- I/O Control System
- Process Control Management and Interprocess Communication
- Memory Management
- Scheduling System
- Secondary Storage Management
- Network Management, Communication Support and Communication Interfaces
- System Protection Management and Security
- System Administration
What does a standard OS have?
- Provides program and file portability
- Enables user efficiency through recognizable interface
- Is implemented through a systems programming language like C++ or Java as opposed to assembly language
List out the types of User Interfaces ( 2 )
- CLI ( Command Line Interface )
- GUI ( Graphical User Interface )
What is Shell?
- User Interface and Command Processor that interacts with the kernel
- UNIX / LINUX : C, Bourne, bash and Korn shells
What is Command Languages ( 3 )
- IBM Mainframes - JCL
- MS Windows - .BAT files, Windows Powershell
- UNIX/Linux - Shell scripts
What does file represent?
- Logical Unit of Storage
What does a basis file management system provides?
- Directory structures for each I/O device
- Tools to copy, move, store retrieve and manipulate files
- Information about each file in the system and the tools to access that information
- Security mechanisms to protects files and control access
What does a additional file management system provides?
- Backup, emergency retrieval and recovery
- File compression
- Journaling
- Transparent Network File Access
- Auditing
List out the System Administration Support
- System Configuration and Setting Group Configuration Policies
- Adding and deleting users
- Controlling and modyfying user privileges
- System Security
- File Systems Management
- Network Administration
- Backups
- Software Installations and Upgrades
- OR Installations ( System Generation ) , patches, and upgrades
- System Tuning and Optimization
- Monitoring Performance
- Recovering Lost Data
List out the 3 main configurations for the organization of an Operating System
- Monolithic Configuration
- Unix / Linux
- Hierarchical ( Layered ) Configuration
- Multics
- Windows 2000 and later Version
- Microkernel
- Macintosh OS X
What is the drawback of Monolithic Kernel?
- Stability and Integrity must be managed carefully
What does Hierarchial Model of an OS do?
- Each layer is independent of the other layers
- Requests are passed down to the layer immediately below it
What does microkernel do?
- Runs the minimum essential functionality
- Client-server system on same system ( Clients request services from microkernel which passes message onto appropriate server )
What types of OS is predominant in use? ( 2 )
- Single-user systems
- Workstations
