Unit 5 Meiosis Flashcards
Chromatin
during interphase, the DNA is found in this form
cytokinesis
the act of splitting newly formed cells
cell plate
a type of cytokinesis found in plant cells
cleavage furrow
a type of cytokinesis found in animal cells
asexual reproduction
a type of reproduction that is similar to cloning, all organisms have identical DNA (Mitosis)
meiosis
cell division process that occurs to produce gametes, results in four different haploid cells
in meiosis, the DNA in each of the gametes is _______
different/ unique
sperm
the type of gamete found in males
eggs
the type of gamete found in females
ovaires
meiosis occurs in this organ in females
testes
meiosis occurs in this organ in males
prophase I
the phase in meiosis where the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and forms homologous pairs.
also where crossing over occurs
crossing over
the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
non sister chromatids
crossing over occurs between these
metaphase I
the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
independent assortment
the phenomenon where homologous chromosomes align along the metaphase plate independently of one another
anaphase I
the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides
telophase I
the phase in meiosis where two new haploid nuclei are formed
metaphase I
the phase in meiosis where independent assortment occurs
diploid
two sets of chromosomes
haploid
one set of chromosomes
prophase II
the phase in meiosis were the chromatin condenses into chromosomes
metaphase II
the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
anaphase II
the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes are split into chromatids
telophase II
the phase in meiosis where two new nuclei are formed, resulting in four haploid cells
s phase
the phase of interphase where the DNA is duplicated
g1 phase
the phase of interphase where the cell grows
g2 phase
the phase of interphase where the cell continues to grow and correct errors in DNA replication
zygote
a fertilized egg, it is diploid
budding
a type of asexual reproduction performed in yeast where a new identical organism buds off an anatomical point of the original organism
fertilization
the joining of an egg and a sperm
parthenogenesis
a type of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into an identical female offspring
sprouting
a type of asexual reproduction where an identical offspring develops from a shoot of a root or a stump
nondisjunction
occurs in anaphase 1, when a homologous chromosome fails to separate, or in anaphse 2, when a chromosome fails to separate
down syndrome
trisomy 21, a child is born with mental retardation and elfish features
edward’s syndrome
trisomy 18, a child is born with severe defects, most die within the first year
turner syndrome
a child is born with a single x chromosome, develops as a female, is small in stature, and is sterile
klinefelter’s syndrome
a child is born with xxy, develops as a male with subtle female characteristics such as wide hips and enlarged breasts
