Unit 5 Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromatin

A

during interphase, the DNA is found in this form

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2
Q

cytokinesis

A

the act of splitting newly formed cells

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3
Q

cell plate

A

a type of cytokinesis found in plant cells

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4
Q

cleavage furrow

A

a type of cytokinesis found in animal cells

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5
Q

asexual reproduction

A

a type of reproduction that is similar to cloning, all organisms have identical DNA (Mitosis)

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6
Q

meiosis

A

cell division process that occurs to produce gametes, results in four different haploid cells

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7
Q

in meiosis, the DNA in each of the gametes is _______

A

different/ unique

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8
Q

sperm

A

the type of gamete found in males

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9
Q

eggs

A

the type of gamete found in females

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10
Q

ovaires

A

meiosis occurs in this organ in females

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11
Q

testes

A

meiosis occurs in this organ in males

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12
Q

prophase I

A

the phase in meiosis where the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and forms homologous pairs.
also where crossing over occurs

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13
Q

crossing over

A

the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

non sister chromatids

A

crossing over occurs between these

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15
Q

metaphase I

A

the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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16
Q

independent assortment

A

the phenomenon where homologous chromosomes align along the metaphase plate independently of one another

17
Q

anaphase I

A

the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides

18
Q

telophase I

A

the phase in meiosis where two new haploid nuclei are formed

19
Q

metaphase I

A

the phase in meiosis where independent assortment occurs

20
Q

diploid

A

two sets of chromosomes

21
Q

haploid

A

one set of chromosomes

22
Q

prophase II

A

the phase in meiosis were the chromatin condenses into chromosomes

23
Q

metaphase II

A

the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

24
Q

anaphase II

A

the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes are split into chromatids

25
Q

telophase II

A

the phase in meiosis where two new nuclei are formed, resulting in four haploid cells

26
Q

s phase

A

the phase of interphase where the DNA is duplicated

27
Q

g1 phase

A

the phase of interphase where the cell grows

28
Q

g2 phase

A

the phase of interphase where the cell continues to grow and correct errors in DNA replication

29
Q

zygote

A

a fertilized egg, it is diploid

30
Q

budding

A

a type of asexual reproduction performed in yeast where a new identical organism buds off an anatomical point of the original organism

31
Q

fertilization

A

the joining of an egg and a sperm

32
Q

parthenogenesis

A

a type of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into an identical female offspring

33
Q

sprouting

A

a type of asexual reproduction where an identical offspring develops from a shoot of a root or a stump

34
Q

nondisjunction

A

occurs in anaphase 1, when a homologous chromosome fails to separate, or in anaphse 2, when a chromosome fails to separate

35
Q

down syndrome

A

trisomy 21, a child is born with mental retardation and elfish features

36
Q

edward’s syndrome

A

trisomy 18, a child is born with severe defects, most die within the first year

37
Q

turner syndrome

A

a child is born with a single x chromosome, develops as a female, is small in stature, and is sterile

38
Q

klinefelter’s syndrome

A

a child is born with xxy, develops as a male with subtle female characteristics such as wide hips and enlarged breasts