Unit 5 History. Flashcards
What were the contributing factors to farmers going into debt?
The railroad industry expanding too quickly to make a profit and thus raising the shipping costs, unfit weather conditions, costly machinery, the decrease of wheat prices and high interest loans.
What was the Grange and when was it founded?
A group that educated farmers on the most ideal agricultural practices and techniques whilst lobbying the federal government to regulate the shipping rates of the railroads. It was founded in 1867.
What were the Farmers’ Alliances?
A group dedicated to informing farmers, and other folk, about the banks at the time’s unfair high interest rates and unjust railroad practices.
Define Populism.
A movement consisting of common folk.
What was the Populist Party, what is its other name and when was it established?
Also known as The People’s Party, it was the political voice for farmers and other common folk that influenced our current Democratic party. It was established in 1892.
What was the Omaha Platform?
Populist Goals consisting of the following: increasing money in circulation as to raise the prices of goods, graduate income tax and have the government own the railroads to fight off high expenses.
Define Industrialization.
The development of industries for the mechanical mass production of goods.
What was the nickname for oil at the time?
Black gold.
Explain the Bessemer process.
The process of making steel by injecting air into iron to eradicate carbon and impurities.
Name the four uses of steel during the late 19th century.
Transportation system material, barbed wire, agricultural tools and architecture.
True or false: industrialization improved the standard of living for employees.
True.
True or false: industrialization did not decrease human worth.
False.
What was the purpose of establishing “railroad time”?
To standardizing both shipping and receiving times.
Define Vertical Integration.
The owning of all the steps to producing and selling a good.
Define Horizontal Integration.
The owning of all of the companies that manufacture a specific good.
True or false: Robber Barons paid their workers enough or high wages.
False.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and when was it established?
An ineffective legislation that deemed it illegal to form a trust interfering with free trade between other states or nations.
What was the name of the group that pocketed $10,000,000?
The Tweed Ring.
What was The Spoils System reincarnated as and what was its purpose?
Patronage, with the goal being to give people government careers to help a specific candidate get elected.
Why did big businesses want the president to either keep or even increase high tariffs?
Because it would increase the demand for domestic goods.
What were taught to immigrants within the Americanization movement?
English literacy, American history, politics, etiquette and social norms.
What was muckracking journalism and who started it?
Journalism with the purpose of exposing social injustices within the time’s society, as well as economic wrongdoings and political corruption. It was started by Jacob Riis.
What is the Merit System?
Careers given on the basis of qualifications.
Who are the groups that opposed women’s suffrage and why?
The Liquor Industry, who fretted that they would cause a ban on alcoholic beverages, the Textile Industry, who didn’t want women to help do away with child labor, and those who feared the increase of social groups, specifically consisting of the marginalized such as women and minorities.
Theodore Roosevelt believed the North American president should be ____ __________ __ ___ _________.
the steward of the people
Define the Bully Pulpit.
An office of high ranking that permits the holder to speak out and be heard, thus shaping legislation and policies.
Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”.
The progressive reforms to provide equal opportunity to all American citizens.
Explain how progressive presidents and legislation aided in transforming the relationship with big businesses and the government?
Big businesses began to be held accountable, especially with the help of acts such as the Food and Drug Act in 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act from the same year, as well as the introduction of conservatism relating to the land.
