Unit 5 History.

Question 1

What were the contributing factors to farmers going into debt?

Answer 1

The railroad industry expanding too quickly to make a profit and thus raising the shipping costs, unfit weather conditions, costly machinery, the decrease of wheat prices and high interest loans.

Question 2

What was the Grange and when was it founded?

Answer 2

A group that educated farmers on the most ideal agricultural practices and techniques whilst lobbying the federal government to regulate the shipping rates of the railroads. It was founded in 1867.

Question 3

What were the Farmers’ Alliances?

Answer 3

A group dedicated to informing farmers, and other folk, about the banks at the time’s unfair high interest rates and unjust railroad practices.

Question 4

Define Populism.

Answer 4

A movement consisting of common folk.

Question 5

What was the Populist Party, what is its other name and when was it established?

Answer 5

Also known as The People’s Party, it was the political voice for farmers and other common folk that influenced our current Democratic party. It was established in 1892.

Question 6

What was the Omaha Platform?

Answer 6

Populist Goals consisting of the following: increasing money in circulation as to raise the prices of goods, graduate income tax and have the government own the railroads to fight off high expenses.

Question 7

Define Industrialization.

Answer 7

The development of industries for the mechanical mass production of goods.

Question 8

What was the nickname for oil at the time?

Answer 8

Black gold.

Question 9

Explain the Bessemer process.

Answer 9

The process of making steel by injecting air into iron to eradicate carbon and impurities.

Question 10

Name the four uses of steel during the late 19th century.

Answer 10

Transportation system material, barbed wire, agricultural tools and architecture.

Question 11

True or false: industrialization improved the standard of living for employees.

Answer 11

True.

Question 12

True or false: industrialization did not decrease human worth.

Answer 12

False.

Question 13

What was the purpose of establishing “railroad time”?

Answer 13

To standardizing both shipping and receiving times.

Question 14

Define Vertical Integration.

Answer 14

The owning of all the steps to producing and selling a good.

Question 15

Define Horizontal Integration.

Answer 15

The owning of all of the companies that manufacture a specific good.

Question 16

True or false: Robber Barons paid their workers enough or high wages.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and when was it established?

Answer 17

An ineffective legislation that deemed it illegal to form a trust interfering with free trade between other states or nations.

Question 18

What was the name of the group that pocketed $10,000,000?

Answer 18

The Tweed Ring.

Question 19

What was The Spoils System reincarnated as and what was its purpose?

Answer 19

Patronage, with the goal being to give people government careers to help a specific candidate get elected.

Question 20

Why did big businesses want the president to either keep or even increase high tariffs?

Answer 20

Because it would increase the demand for domestic goods.

Question 21

What were taught to immigrants within the Americanization movement?

Answer 21

English literacy, American history, politics, etiquette and social norms.

Question 22

What was muckracking journalism and who started it?

Answer 22

Journalism with the purpose of exposing social injustices within the time’s society, as well as economic wrongdoings and political corruption. It was started by Jacob Riis.

Question 23

What is the Merit System?

Answer 23

Careers given on the basis of qualifications.

Question 24

Who are the groups that opposed women’s suffrage and why?

Answer 24

The Liquor Industry, who fretted that they would cause a ban on alcoholic beverages, the Textile Industry, who didn’t want women to help do away with child labor, and those who feared the increase of social groups, specifically consisting of the marginalized such as women and minorities.

Question 25

Theodore Roosevelt believed the North American president should be ____ __________ __ ___ _________.

Answer 25

the steward of the people

Question 26

Define the Bully Pulpit.

Answer 26

An office of high ranking that permits the holder to speak out and be heard, thus shaping legislation and policies.

Question 27

Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”.

Answer 27

The progressive reforms to provide equal opportunity to all American citizens.

Question 28

Explain how progressive presidents and legislation aided in transforming the relationship with big businesses and the government?

Answer 28

Big businesses began to be held accountable, especially with the help of acts such as the Food and Drug Act in 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act from the same year, as well as the introduction of conservatism relating to the land.