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PTAP 125 Clinically Kinesiology > Unit 5 Head, Neck And Face > Flashcards

Unit 5 Head, Neck And Face Flashcards

0
Q

Cervical spine

A

7 cervical

Has unique features-Transverse foramen.

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1
Q

How many skull bones?

A

22 bones

8 cranial, 14 facial

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2
Q

Atlas C1

A

1st cervical vertebra.

Ring-shaped vertebra without a vertebral body or a spinous process.

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3
Q

Axis C2

A

Second cervical vertebra.

Does not have a body, has unique vertical projection called odontoid process (dens).

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4
Q

Cranial surtures

A

Joins the bones of the skull.

Synarthrodial joint- negligible movement

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5
Q

Atlantooccipital joints

A/O

A

Plane synovial joint.

Articulation between superior facets and occipital condyles bilaterally.

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6
Q

Alar ligament

A

Runs obliquely upward and laterally from the dens to the occipital condyles
Limits rotation of head and atlas
Limits lateral flexion

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7
Q

Cruciform ligament

A

3 parts, forms a cross
Superior longitudinal fibers- transverse ligament to occiput.
Transverse ligament-stretches across ring, holds dens.
Inferior longitudinal fibers- transverse ligament to axis

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8
Q

Atlantoaxial joint A/A

A

Composed of 3 joints.
Atlanto-odontoid joint
Two facet joints

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9
Q

Altanto-odontoid joint

A

Pivot joint

Dens of axis rotates next to anterior arch of the atlas behind transverse ligament.

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10
Q

Facet joints

Zygapophyseal joints

A

Plane synovial joints

Inferior articulating facet of the vertebrae above and superior articulating facet of the vertebrae below.

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11
Q

Intervertebral joint

A

Amphiarthrodial joint
Comprised of 2 parts:
Inner- nucleus pulposus
Outer- annular fibrosus

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12
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

ALL

A

Runs vertically along the anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae.
From occiput to sacrum.
Limits extension.

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13
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

PLL

A

Runs vertically along the posterior surface of the bodies vertebrae inside the vertebral foramen from c2 to sacrum.
Reinforces the intervertebral discs.

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14
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Lamina to lamina. “Yellow ligament”
High content of yellow elastic connective tissue.
Limits flexion.

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15
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A

Transverse process to transverse process.

Limits lateral flexion.

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16
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

Deep, spinous process to spinous process.

Limits flexion

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17
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A

Superficial, spinous process to spinous process.

Limits flexion.

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18
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Supraspinous ligament in cervical spine.

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19
Q

Temporomandibular joint

TMJ

A

Modified hinge joint of synovial joint with a Articular disc between temporal bone and mandible.
Most frequently used joint- 2000-3000

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20
Q

Lateral ligament

A

Combo of horizontal and oblique fibers

Stabilize the lateral side

21
Q

Splenius capitis

A

O inferior 1/2 of Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7- T4

I mastoid process & lateral portion of superior nuchal line

A unilateral rotate head/ neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilateral extend

N cervical

22
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

O spinous process T3- T6

I transverse process C1-C3

A unilateral rotate head/neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilaterally extend head/neck

N cervical

23
Q

Longus capitis

A

A unilaterally rotate head/neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same side
Bilaterally flex head/ neck

N C1-4

24
Q

Longus Colli

A

A unilaterally rotate head/neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilaterally flex head/neck

N C2-7

25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O sternal head- top of manubrium
Clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle

I mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

A unilateral rotate head/neck to opposite
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilaterally flex neck, assist on inhalation.

N C1-3

26
Q

Scalenes

A

O anterior transverse process C3-C6
Middle transverse process C2-C7
Posterior transverse process C6-C7

I anterior/middle- rib 1, posterior- rib 2

A unilateral rotate head/neck to opposite, laterally flex head/neck to same, bilateral elevate ribs during inhalation.
Bilateral anterior Scalenes: flex head/neck

N C3-8

27
Q

Platysma

A

A assist mandible depression, tighten fascia of neck, draw down
Corners of mouth.

N facial cranial nerve 7

28
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

A Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead

N facial cranial nerve 7

29
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

A closes eyes tightly

N facial cranial nerve 7

30
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

A Approximates and protrudes lips as in whistling

N facial cranial nerve 7

31
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

A smile

N facial cranial nerve 7

32
Q

Masseter

TMJ

A

A Elevate mandible (TMJ)
May assist to protract the mandible.

N trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division

33
Q

Temporalis

TMJ

A

A elevate and retract mandible (TMJ)

N trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division

34
Q

Medial pterygoid

TMJ

A

A unilateral laterally deviate manidible to opposite, bilateral elevate and protract.

N- trigeminal cranial nerve 5

35
Q

Lateral pterygoid

TMJ

A

A Unilateral laterally deviate mandible to opposite, bilateral protract

N trigeminal cranial nerve 5

36
Q

Diagastic

TMJ

A

A if hyoid bone is fixed, depresses.
If mandible is fixed, elevates the hyoid.
Retracts mandible

N anterior belly: trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division, posterior belly: facial cranial nerve 7

37
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

A Extend upper cervical, rotate head to same

N suboccipital

38
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

A extend upper cervical

N suboccipital

39
Q

Oblique capitis superior

A

A Extend upper cervical, laterally flex head to same

N suboccipital

40
Q

Oblique capitis inferior

A

A Rotate head to same side

N suboccipital

41
Q

Cervical flexion

Goni

A

CROM- 45 sitting

Inclinometer- 45 sitting
T1, top of head

42
Q

Cervical extension

Goni

A

CROM- 45, sitting

Inclinometer- 45, sitting
Spine of scapula, top of head

43
Q

Cervical lateral flexion (sidebending)

Goni

A

CROM- 45, sitting

Inclinometer- 45, sitting
T1, top of head

44
Q

Cervical rotation

Goni

A

CROM- 60, sitting magnetic yoke
Pacemaker is a contraindication

Inclinometer- 60, supine
Midforehead

45
Q

Compression test

Special test

A

Test for Narrowing of neural foramen, pressure on facet joints, muscle spasm
By Increase symptoms.

Increase pain in cervical spine or bUE

46
Q

Distraction test

Special test

A

Test from narrowing of neural foramen, pressure on facet joints, muscle spasm by decreasing symptoms

Decrease pain in the cervical spine or BUE

47
Q

Dix-hallpike test

A

Test for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV

Finding nystagmus, involuntary, rapid back and forth eye movement.

48
Q

Mobility of 1st rib test

A

Test for hypomobility of 1st rib.
Tight Scalenes

Limited cervical side bending ROM.

49
Q

Vertebral artery test

Cervical quadrant test

A

Test for partial or complete occlusion of the vertebral artery.

Dizziness, blurred vision, nystagmus, slurred speech, loss of consciousness are signs vertebral artery occlusion.

PTAP 125 Clinically Kinesiology (5 decks)

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