Unit 5: DNA and the Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is the term for the nitrogenous base represented by ‘A’?

Answer 1

Adenine (A)

Adenine is one of the four primary bases in DNA.

Question 2

What is the term for the nitrogenous base represented by ‘T’?

Answer 2

Thymine (T)

Thymine pairs with adenine in DNA.

Question 3

What is the term for the nitrogenous base represented by ‘C’?

Answer 3

Cytosine (C)

Cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA.

Question 4

What is the term for the nitrogenous base represented by ‘G’?

Answer 4

Guanine (G)

Guanine pairs with cytosine in DNA.

Question 5

What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds form between complementary bases.

Question 6

What is a Nucleotide composed of?

Answer 6

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA.

Question 7

What is the term for the group that consists of a phosphate and a nitrogenous base?

Answer 7

Phosphate Group

The phosphate group is part of the nucleotide structure.

Question 8

What sugar is found in DNA?

Answer 8

Deoxyribose

Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar.

Question 9

What are the four Nitrogenous Bases in DNA?

Answer 9

• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)

These bases are essential for the formation of DNA.

Question 10

What is the process called by which DNA is copied?

Answer 10

DNA Replication

DNA replication is crucial for cell division.

Question 11

What type of DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules?

Answer 11

Semi-conservative Replication

Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.

Question 12

What is the term for the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division?

Answer 12

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle includes phases such as G1, S, G2, and M.

Question 13

What phase of the cell cycle is known as the first gap phase?

Answer 13

G1 Phase

In G1, the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.

Question 14

What phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Answer 14

S Phase

During the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA.

Question 15

What phase of the cell cycle is known as the second gap phase?

Answer 15

G2 Phase

In G2, the cell prepares for mitosis.

Question 16

What does the M Phase of the cell cycle refer to?

Answer 16

Mitosis

The M phase includes the division of the cell nucleus.

Question 17

What is the process called that results in two identical daughter cells?

Answer 17

Mitosis

Mitosis is essential for growth and repair.

Question 18

What is the process called that leads to the formation of gametes?

Answer 18

Meiosis

Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells.

Question 19

What are structures that carry genetic information in cells?

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are made of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.

Question 20

What is the term for the fertilized egg cell?

Answer 20

Zygote

A zygote is formed when sperm fertilizes an egg.

Question 21

What is the term for the early stage of development after fertilization?

Answer 21

Blastocyst

The blastocyst is the stage where implantation occurs.

Question 22

What is the term for the process of sperm and egg fusion?

Answer 22

Fertilization

Fertilization is crucial for sexual reproduction.

Question 23

What is the term for the variation in genetic makeup among individuals?

Answer 23

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is important for evolution and adaptation.