Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
Examining the complex nature of how memory, intelligence, and other mental processes impact human behavior.
What is memory?
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
What is recognition?
A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learning, as on a multiple-choice test.
What is recall?
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
What is encoding?
The process of getting information into the memory system–for example, by extracting meaning.
What is relearning?
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.
What is retrieval?
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
What is storage?
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
What is parallel processing?
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions.
What is sensory memory?
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
What is short-term memory?
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten.
What is long-term memory?
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
What is working memory?
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
What is explicit memory?
What is effortful processing?
What is automatic processing?
What is implicit memory?
What is iconic memory?
What is echoic memory?
What is chunking?
What are mnemonics?
What is the spacing effect?
What is the testing effect?
What is shallow processing?
What is deep processing?
What is semantic memory?
Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one our two conscious memory systems.
What is episodic memory?
Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems.
What is the hippocampus?
A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage of explicit memories of facts and events.
What is memory consolidation?
The neural storage of long-term memory.
What is flashbulb memory?
A clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment of event.
What is long-term potentiation?
An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory.
What is priming?
The activation, often unconsciously of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response.
What is the Encoding Specificity Principle?
The idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it.
What is mood-congruent memory?
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.
What is the serial position effect?
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list,
What is anterograde amnesia?
