Unit 5 - Chapter 16 - Psychoanalysis Flashcards
What were the people who were interested in the unconscious mind concerned with?
concerned with understanding the causes of mental illness.
Describe the life and work of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), including (a) the cocaine episode, (b) Freud’s addiction to nicotine
a) advocated for cocaine use.
- influence cocaine use for anesthetic.
b) continued to smoke after getting a heart arrhytmia.
- got cancer at 67, could not quit.
Describe the life and work of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), including Joseph Breuer and the case of Anna O.,
Bruer
- treatment of Anna O.
- credited for creating psychoanalysis by Freud.
Case of Anna O
- used cathartic method –> talking cure.
- each time symptom was linked to its origin, it usually disappeared.
- transference –> A started referring to B as if he were her father
- counter-transference –> B began developing emotional feelings towards A
Describe the life and work of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), including c) Freud’s visit with Charcot, d) invention of the free association technique, e) the Studies on Hysteria.
c) visit with charcot
- freud learned that ideas can cause physical disorders.
d) invention of free association
- developed to help patients overcome resistance (when patient stops short of realizing the crucial event)
e) Studies on Hysteria
- includes basic tenets of psychoanalysis; 1) symptoms = symbolic representations of underlying trauma, 2) unconscious motivation & 3) repression
Continue describing the work of Freud’s Project for a Scientific Psychology, including the (a) seduction theory, b) Freud’s self-analysis
a) seduction theory
- basis of neuroses is repression of sexual thoughts, based on real or imagined childhood experience.
b) freud’s self analysis
- to be a qualified psychoanalyst, one needs to be psychoanalyzed themselves.
Continue describing the work of Freud’s Project for a Scientific Psychology, including (c) dream analysis
- every dream is a wish fulfillment: symbolic expression of a wish that cannot be expressed without experiencing anxiety.
- most important dream symbols come from personal experience.
- involves manifest (what a dream appears to be about) vs latent content (what a dream is actually about).
- dreams are distorted through condensation (one element symbolizes several things) & displacement.
Continue describing the work of Freud’s Project for a Scientific Psychology, including (d) the Oedipus complex, e) the Psychopathology of Everyday Life book, and f) his trip to the United States.
d) oedipus complex
- in phallic stage
- children sexually desire the parent of the opposite sex and are hostile toward the parent of the same sex.
e) Psychopathology of Everyday Life book
- discusses parapraxes –> relatively minor errors in everyday living, ex; freudian slips, forgetting things.
f) Visit to Clark University gave psychoanalysis global recognition.
Describe Freud’s theory of personality, including the concepts (a) id, ego, and superego
personality = consciousness + preconscious + unconscious
id –> driving force of the personality.
- contains all instincts (libido).
- entirely unconscious.
- governed by pleasure principle.
ego –> matches wishes of id with counterparts in physical world.
- governed by reality principle.
superego –> moral arm of personality.
- taught through socialization.
Describe Freud’s theory of life and death instincts
life instinct
- major goal of life is to satisfy libido.
- seeks to perpetuate life
death instinct
- has death as its goal
- internal manifestation = suicide/masochism, external manifestation = aggression
Describe Freud’s theory of anxiety
three types of anxiety;
1) objective; an objective threat to persons well being.
2) neurotic; arises when the ego anticipates that it will be overwhelmed by the id.
3) moral; when one is about to violate an internalized value.
Describe Freud’s theory of ego defence mechanisms
strategies available to the ego to make anxiety-provoking aspects of reality more tolerable.
- includes; repression, displacement, sublimation, projection, identification, rationalization, reaction formation.
Describe Freud’s theory of the psychosexual stages of development.
Oral Stage
- erogenous zone = mouth
- 0 to 1 year old.
- early fixation = oral incorporative (excessive eating, drinking, smoking).
- late fixation = oral-sadistic (aggressive & cynical)
Anal Stage
- erogenous zone = anus-buttocks region
- 2 years
- early fixation = anal expulsive (generous, messy, wasteful)
- late fixation = anal retentive (stingy, orderly, perfectionist)
Phalic Stage
- erogenous zone = genital region
- 3 to 5 years.
- oedipus complex –> castration anxiety (repress sexual tendencies) –> resolved by identifying with father
- penis envy in females –> resolved by ‘becoming’ mother & shares father
- resolution = full development of superego.
Latency Stage
- 6 to puberty
- sexual activity eliminated from consciousness
Genital Stage
- from puberty & onwards
- focus on members of opposite sex.
Describe the effect of the war on Freud’s work and the two themes of the Freudian legend.
nazis destroyed Freud’s personal library and burned all his books.
two themes;
1) solitary hero struggling against a host of enemies but triumphant in the end.
2) absolute originality of the achievements
Describe the commonly cited criticisms of Freud’s theory.
1) method of data collection
- used his own observation as primary data source
- no controlled experiments
- not applicable to general population.
2) dogmatism
- didnt tolerate ideas that conflicted his own
3) overemphasis on sex
4) length, cost and limited effectiveness of psychoanalysis
5) lack of faslifiablity
- engages in postdiction
Describe the commonly cited contributions of Freud’s theory.
1) expansion of psychology’s domain
2) psychoanalysis revolutionized how we conceive abnormality
3) understanding of normal behaviour
4) generalization of psychology to other fields
