unit 5: cell membrane and transport

Question 1

what are glycoproteins?

Answer 1

polypeptides with a carbohydrate

Question 2

what do glycoproteins do?

Answer 2

allow recognition from other cells

Question 3

what is a carbohydrate?

Answer 3

a short chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

Question 4

what are 3 possible types of oligosaccharides?

Answer 4

o, a, and b

Question 5

what are the non-polar solvents?

Answer 5

ethanol, toluene, and propanone

Question 6

when are lipids soluble?

Answer 6

in aqueous solvents (hydrophobic)

Question 7

what are examples of commonly occurring lipids?

Answer 7

fats, oils, and waxes

Question 8

how are triglycerides formed?

Answer 8

by combining 3 fatty acids with 1 glycerol

Question 9

how is an “ester bond” formed?

Answer 9

formed when a acid reacts with a hydroxyl in alcohol

Question 10

what reaction links a triglyceride?

Answer 10

condensation reaction

Question 11

what backbone is the hydrophilic part of a fatty acid?

Answer 11

glycerol backbone

Question 12

are triglycerides hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 12

hydrophobic

Question 13

what are triglycerides otherwise known as?

Answer 13

phospholipids

Question 14

what is the unbranched chain of fatty acids made of?

Answer 14

carbon atoms

Question 15

what bond forms a hydrocarbon chain?

Answer 15

covalent bonds

Question 16

what is the acid part of a molecule?

Answer 16

a carboxyl (-COOH)

Question 17

what range of carbon atoms do hydrocarbon chains have?

Answer 17

14-20

Question 18

what is a fatty acid with single bonds and a max amount of hydrogen?

Answer 18

saturated fatty acid

Question 19

what is a fatty acid with 1-or-more double bonds?

Answer 19

unsaturated

Question 20

what fatty acid has 1 double bond?

Answer 20

monounsaturated

Question 21

what fatty acid has more hydrogens on one side and 2 double-bonded carbons?

Answer 21

cis-fatty acids

Question 22

what fatty acid has hydrogens on the opposite side of cis-fatty acids?

Answer 22

trans-fatty acids

Question 23

what is an example of cis-unsaturated acids?

Answer 23

oils

Question 24

what type of fatty acid(s) has a bend in the hydrocarbon @ the double bond?

Answer 24

cis-fatty acids

Question 25

what type of fatty acid(s) has no bend in the hydrocarbon @ the double bond?

Answer 25

trans-fatty acids

Question 26

how many kinks in the chain do saturated fats have?

Answer 26

none, straight

Question 27

how many kinks in the chain do monounsaturated fats have?

Answer 27

one

Question 28

how many kinks in the chain do saturated fats have?

Answer 28

more than one

Question 29

what type of tissue is for energy storage in triglycerides?

Answer 29

adipose

Question 30

what is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

what are phospholipids called when they're both hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

Answer 31

amphipathic

Question 32

what chains are the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid?

Answer 32

hydrocarbon

Question 33

what are the group of lipids similar to sterol?

Answer 33

steroids

Question 34

what has 17 carbon atoms total in rings?

Answer 34

steroids

Question 35

how many fused rings of carbons do steroids have?

Answer 35

four

Question 36

what prevents two lipids from mixing?

Answer 36

biological membranes

Question 37

what bilayer is the basis of cell membranes?

Answer 37

lipid

Question 38

the larger the molecular size, the _____ the permeability

Answer 38

lower

Question 39

what molecule(s) are harder to pass through the membrane?

Answer 39

glycogen or protein

Question 40

what is simple diffusion?

Answer 40

the spreading of particles in random motion

Question 41

the more particles in simple diffusion, the ____ the concentration

Answer 41

lower

Question 42

in simple diffusion, the molecules move ____ the "concentration gradient"

Answer 42

down

Question 43

is energy required in simple diffusion?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

non-polar (oxygen) diffuses in simple diffusion ______

Answer 44

easily

Question 45

the concentration outside the membrane is (higher/lower) in aerobic respiration

Answer 45

higher