Unit 5-AP World Flashcards
Describe Enlightenment.
Intellectual Movement in Europe that stressed reasoning and individualism, rather than tradition.
Population in Europe in the 1800’s?
Population Revolution
Population of France increased 50%
Population of England increased 100%
Population of Prussia increased 100%
Prelude to Industrial Revolution.
Proto-industrialization?
The shift away from agricultural economies in Europe.
Workers became producers of textiles and metal products.
Prelude to industrialization
Why did the American Revolution occur?
Settlers resented British attempts to:
- Tax
- create trade controls
- restrict movement into the West.
“No taxation without representation.”
Why did the French Revolution occur?
French Citizens wanted to:
- overthrow the Bourbon Monarchy
- limit powers of the Catholic Church and the aristocracy
- middle class wanted more political control
- allow further freedom of the peasants from landlord demands
Importance of Bastille?
A riot stormed a political Prison know. As the Bastille (July 14)
Became the Revolutions symbol.
The most radical phase of the French Revolution?
- massive opposition in the name of the church and aristocracy
- civil war
- opposition to the Revolution by other nations led to take-Over by radical leaders
- guillotine
- Maximilien Robespierre
Napoleon Bonaparte, significance to French Revolution?
- Converted the revolutionary republic into an authoritarian empire.
- created popular Nationalism
- Great military success
Congress of Vienna?
-Meeting in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. Needed to restore political stability in Europe.
What was the Reform Bill of 1832?
Legislation passed that extended the vote to most middle class citizens
Failed to produce democracy in Britian
How did peasants improve their lives in the Industrial Age?
End of manorialism and serfdom
Who is Bismark?
A conservative who dominated Prussia and Germany.
What Areas did not include Western Expansion in the 19th century?
The America’s
What did Britain gain as part of the French and Indian War?
Canada
European Imperialism after the Industrial Age.
Expansion globally
How did Europeans squire Asian lands?
European companies (Dutch and English East Indies Companies) gained power as the curt opt leaders of the companies took over land from the natives for profit.
Significance of Java on colonization?
Java was the first island fully conquered and colonized by a European nation.
Compare the take of Java by the Dutch to the British take of India.
Similarities: Hostility,
Differences: British meddled in disputes with Indian Princes and Politics.
What was the dominant European Power (1800-1850) in over seas trade and building?
England
Battle of Isandhlwana?
Battle location between the British and Zulu armies in South Africa.
British defeat
One of few victories of African forces over European nations.
How did European Nations govern Tropical dependencies?
Small numbers of Europeans ruled large populations of non-westerners.
How were the education systems in Africa different from the ones in Java and India?
Africa: heavily state-supported, Western language Education by Protestant and Catholic missionaries. Higher education was not prompted in Africa because of racial differences
Europeans + Maori = what effects?
- Almost a total wipe out of the Maori people’s
- alcoholism
- prostitution
- Western schooling
- multiracial society
How was Latin America different from other Areas that remained outside the direct control of Wester Imperialism?
- colonial heritage had left them little tradition
- dependent on European nations to trade
who was Toussaint L’Overture?
Leader of a slave rebellion on Saint Domingue (Later Haiti) in 1791
Lead to creation of the independent republic Haiti in 1804.
Why did many call for independence in Latin America in the 19th century?
They wanted what other nations that had in depended movements had. freedom of the slaves and serfs, limit the power of the church and aristocracy. Legitimacy crisis.
Who was Simon Bolivar?
Creole military officer.
-military success lead to the independent state of Gran Colombia.
Who was father Miguel de Hidalgo?
Creole priest
- established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810
- was captured and executed. :(
Who was Jose de San Martian?
Leader of the independence struggle in southern South America
- Led a revolutionary army and helped liberate chile
- Helped with the liberation of Peru
- sent to exile in Europe in 1823
How was Brazilian Independence archived?
- Portuguese fled to Brazil
- Brazil raised to equal status of Portugal itself
- Napoleonic wars led to closer confined government
- Brazil began to improve as Portuguese king used from there
- after Napoleonic wars ended, there was a liberal Revolution in Portugal
- kind returned, but left his son in Brazil
- Brazilian citizens realized their status would go down to being a colony
- Pedro declared for independence
- fought for a year
- Brazil became a monarchy under Portugal.
Which nation first recognized the newly found independent nations of Latin America?
America
Who was Auguste Comte?
19th century philosopher
-founder of Positivism
How did France invade Mexico?
- civil war started because of dissenting views of the Constitution and because of radical reforms of Juarez Benito
- losing Conservative asked for help from the Europeans
- France intervened
- they sent the arch Duke Maximilian Habsburg to take the Mexican throne
Why was Benito Juarez?
Leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna
Liberal government taken down by the French’s invasion and made Mexico an Empire under Maximilian
Restored to power in 1867 until his death in 1872
What was the main export for Brazil?
Coffee
Which Spanish colony revolted, leading to the Spanish American War?
Panama
Weakness of the Ottoman Empire?
- succession of weak rulers
- power struggles between rival ministries
- competition between elite factions further eroded effective leadership
Why did Russia threaten the Ottoman Empire?
Russia needed a way out of the Black Sea. The Ottomans controlled the strait they needed.
What were the Tanzimat Reforms?
Reforms the tried to Westernize society and create advancements within the Ottoman Empire: Western-style universities, state postal systems, railways, ect.
Crimean Wars?
These wars were fought by the Russian, Ottoman,and Britain (and French)
The Russians wanted the strait so they could trade with with other nations.
They rest didn’t want that happening.
Russia lost
Who was Muhammad II?
Ottoman Sultan
Destroyed the powerJanissaries with his private Armies
Initiated Western Reforms
