Unit 5- All About Plants

Question 1

Anther

Answer 1

The saclike part of the stamen on seed-producing plants that develops and contains the pollen.

Question 2

Calyx

Answer 2

Group of sepals on a flower.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

A substance present in all green plants; it evidences itself as the green coloring in leaves. Chlorophyll transforms light energy from the sun into chemical energy for the manufacture of plant food from carbon dioxide, water, and essential soil minerals. This process is called photosynthesis.

Question 4

Chloroplasts

Answer 4

Minute objects within plant cells that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll.

Question 5

Complete Flower

Answer 5

A flower containing sepals, petals, stamens, and at least one pistil.

Question 5

Corolla

Answer 5

Collectively, all of the petals of the flower.

Question 6

Embryo

Answer 6

Any organism in its earliest stages of development.

Question 7

Fertilization

Answer 7

The uniting of pollen and ovule cells.

Question 8

Filament

Answer 8

The part of the stamen of a flower that is below the anther and supports it.

Question 9

Flower

Answer 9

The reproductive structure of a seed-bearing plant, consisting of the male and/or female organs that are surrounded by one or two series of outer coverings.

Question 10

Fruit

Answer 10

Mature ovary, seed.

Question 11

Germination

Answer 11

Sprouting of a seed, and beginning of plant growth.

Question 12

Germination rate

Answer 12

Percentage of seeds that sprout and begin to grow.

Question 13

imperfect flower

Answer 13

Flower that lack either stamens or pistils.

Question 14

Incomplete flower

Answer 14

A flower that lacks one or more of the four organs: sepals, petals, stamens, or pistils.

Question 15

leaf

Answer 15

A flattened outgrowth from a plant stem, varying in size and shape, usually green, which is concerned primarily with the manufacture of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.

Question 16

Nutrient

Answer 16

Substance necessary for the functioning of an organism.

Question 17

Ovary

Answer 17

The portion of the pistil or carpel of a flower that contains one or more ovules.

Question 18

Ovule

Answer 18

The body that, after fertilization, becomes the seed; the egg-containing unit of the ovary.

Question 19

Perfect flower

Answer 19

A flower with both stamens and a pistil or pistils.

Question 20

Petal

Answer 20

A division of a flower inside the calyx; a unit of the corolla, consisting of petioles, which usually surrounds the pistils and stamens.

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

Process by which green plants, using chlorophyll and the energy of sunlight, produce carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide, and release oxygen.

Question 22

Pistil

Answer 22

The female element of a flower; composed of stigma, style, and ovary.

Question 23

Pistillate

Answer 23

Designating a flower that has a pistil or pistils but lacks stamens; an imperfect flower.

Question 24

Pollen

Answer 24

The male element that carries the spores in the fertilization of the egg nucleus in the ovule of a flower. The pollen is borne by the anthers and is usually a yellowish, dust-like mass of separate grains.

Question 25

Pollen tube

Answer 25

Tube formed following the germination of a pollen grain, when the grain resides on the stigma of a flower. The tube carries the male gametes to the ovule.

Question 26

Pollination

Answer 26

The transfer of the pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower, the first step in producing a fruit or seed.

Question 27

Reproduction

Answer 27

The making of a new plant or animal.

Question 28

Respiration

Answer 28

A chemical process that takes place in living cells whereby food (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins) is “burned” (oxidized) to release energy and waste products, mainly carbon dioxide and water. Living things use energy produced through respiration to derive vital life processes, such as growth and reproduction.

Question 29

Root

Answer 29

The lower portion of a plant bearing neither leaves nor reproductive organs that mostly develops underground and anchors the plant in the soil. It bears the root hairs, which absorb water and mineral nutrients.

Question 30

Seed

Answer 30

The embryo of a plant; also kernel of corn, wheat, etc., which botanically are seed-like fruits as they include the ovary wall.

Question 31

Sepal

Answer 31

Small, green, leaf-life structure found at the base of a flower.

Question 32

Sexual reproduction

Answer 32

Union of an egg and sperm to produce a seed or fertilized egg.

Question 33

Stamen

Answer 33

The organ of a flower which bears the pollen (microspores) consisting of the stalk (filament) and the anther.

Question 34

Staminate

Answer 34

Designating a flower that has stamens but no pistil and hence is imperfect.

Question 35

Stem

Answer 35

Stalk, trunk, branch of a plant. Can be vertical or horizontal.

Question 36

Stigma

Answer 36

The receptive surface of the female organ of a flower that receives the pollen.

Question 37

Style

Answer 37

In the pistil of a flower, the part between the ovary and the stigma.

Question 38

Vegetable

Answer 38

Any herbaceous plant whose fruit, seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts are used as food.