Unit 5

Question 1

CBR

Answer 1

CRUDE BIRTH RATE

Question 2

TFR

Answer 2

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

Question 3

IMR

Answer 3

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

Question 4

Replacement-level fertility

Answer 4

average number of children couple needs to have to replace themselves (2.1 for most countries)

Question 5

Demographic transition

Answer 5

Study of people’s transition (change) over time

Question 6

Population age structure

Answer 6

Pre-reproductive (0-14)
Reproductive (15-44)
Post reproductive (45 and up)

Question 7

Population momentum

Answer 7

consequence of the demographic transition. Population momentum explains why a population will continue to grow even if the fertility rate declines

Question 8

Life expectancy

Answer 8

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person, at a particular age

Question 9

Ecological footprint

Answer 9

A measure of the amount of biologically productive land and water area an individual, a population or an activity occupies, given prevailing technology.

Question 10

Demography

Answer 10

the number of people that can be supported given the resources of an area and the way people living in this area use these resource.

Question 11

Biotic potential
(maximum growth of a
population under optimal
conditions)

Answer 11

maximum growth rate of a population under ideal conditions, with unlimited resources and without any growth restrictions

Question 12

Fecundity

Answer 12

Female egg production: To estimate population size Informs life history traits, which indicate potential response to fishing.

Question 13

Age Structure pyramids

Answer 13

the distribution of people of various ages.

Question 14

Survivorship curves

Types 1-3

Answer 14

• Type I survivorship exhibit high survivorship throughout their life cycle.
• Type II survivorship have a constant proportion of individuals dying over time.
• Type III survivorship have very high mortality at young ages.

Question 15

Reproductive strategies

K vs r

Answer 15

• r represents the slope of the line representing exponential growth
• K represents the carrying capacity of a habitat for members of a given sort of organism.

Question 16

Generalist

Answer 16

Generalists can eat a variety of foods and thrive in a range of habitats.

Question 17

Specialist

Answer 17

Specialists, on the other hand, have a

limited diet and stricter habitat requirements.

Question 18

Limiting factors

Answer 18

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

Question 19

Carrying capacity

Answer 19

how much an area was made to carry.

Question 20

Range of tolerance

Answer 20

the range of abiotic conditions within which an organism or population can survive and reproduce.

Question 21

Mitigation

Answer 21

Immigration or Emigration

Question 22

Environmental resistance

Answer 22

the sum of the environmental factors (such as drought, mineral deficiencies, and competition) that tend to restrict the biotic potential

Question 23

Population Density

Answer 23

a measurement of population per unit area.

Question 24

Density dependent

limiting factors

Answer 24

Density-dependent factors include disease, competition, and predation. Can either be positive or negative.

Question 25

Baby Boom

Answer 25

large increase in the birthrate from the late 1940’s through the early 1960’s.

Question 26

India (case studies)

Answer 26

The world’s first national family planning program began in India in 1952 with modest success. Compare to China, their growth will exceed them.

Question 27

China (case studies)

Answer 27

One-baby program that favors boys than girl. With the law, China was able to slow down their growth immensely.