Unit 5 Flashcards by Kathleen Dugan

Behavior analysts comply with this Code in ____ _____ relating to their professional services, products, publications, or to profession of behavior analysis. Public statements include, but are not limited to, paid
or unpaid advertising, brochures, printed matter,
directory listings, personal resumes or curriculum vitae, interviews or comments for use in media, statements in legal proceedings, lectures and public presentations, social media, and published materials BACB® (201

8.0 Public Statements

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Behavior analysts comply with this 
Code in public statements…”
Comply with the entirety of the code!
     Confidentiality
     Upholding profession
     Responsible research/presentations
     Responsibility to the BACB (10.0)

8.0 Public Statements

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This element covers the behavior analyst’s public interactions

 It does not specifically pertain to the behavior analyst’s interaction with clients, supervisees, or caregivers (except for such interactions that relate, in some way, to public pronouncements)

 Private interactions with clients, supervisees, etc., are covered in earlier Code elements

8.0 public statements –What is NOT Covered-

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a) Behavior analysts do not make public
statements that are false, deceptive,
misleading, exaggerated, or fraudulent, either
because of what they state, convey, or suggest
or because of what they omit, concerning their
research, practice, or other work activities or
those of persons or organizations with which
they are affiliated. Behavior analysts claim as
credentials for their behavior-analytic work, only
degrees that were primarily or exclusively
behavior-analytic in content BACB® (

8.01 Avoiding False or Deceptive

Statements

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 Work (what one does)

 Skills (what one can do)

 Training (what one has been trained to do)

 Experience (what one has done before)

 Qualifications (credentials one has)

 Affiliations (who one works for or with)

 This list as it relates to others with whom one is affiliated (e.g., agencies)

False, Deceptive, Misleading, or
Fraudulent Statements About…

8.01 Avoiding False or Deceptive
Statement

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Avoid exaggerations and do not
make unsubstantiated claims
For example:
- I am certain I can help your child.”
- ABA can cure autism.”
- If your son gets at least 8 hours of our services per week, he’ll graduate from high school and succeed in college.”

Complying with the Code in Public

Statements

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b)Behavior analysts do not implement
non-behavior-analytic interventions.
Non-behavior-analytic services may only be provided within the context of non-behavior-analytic education, formal training, and credentialing

… Such services must be clearly distinguished from their behavior-analytic practices and BACB certification by using the following disclaimer: “These interventions are not behavior-analytic in
nature and are not covered by my BACB credential.” The disclaimer should be placed alongside the names and descriptions of all non-behavior-analytic
interventions

c) Behavior analysts do not advertise non-behavior-analytic services as being behavior-analytic

8.01 Avoiding False or Deceptive

Statements (continued

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Some behavior analysts may hold other
degrees/certifications. They may incorporate these other areas
of competence into their practice

 E.g., BCBA who is also an SLP or MD , Clarify to consumers which services are behavior analytic and which services fall into another specialty area

Multiple Service Offerings

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d) Behavior analysts do not identify non-behavior-analytic services as behavior-analytic services on bills, invoices, or requests for reimbursement
e) Behavior analysts do not implement non-behavior-analytic services under behavior-analytic service authorizations

8.01 Avoiding False or Deceptive

Statements (continued)

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Bill ONLY for services delivered and
appropriately labeled as ABA
For example, if you attend conference presentation on a particular clinical issue, this is not a billable service
-Reading email, ABA Facebook pages

If you do 40 minutes of service, and bill for one hour, that is fraud!

 Fraud is bad! You will face paybacks, fines,
loss of certification, even jail

Deception in Billing

8.01 Avoiding False or Deceptive
Statements (continued

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a) Behavior analysts obtain permission to use trademarked or copyrighted materials as required by law. This includes providing citations, including trademark or copyright symbols on materials that recognizes the
intellectual property of others

b) Behavior analysts give appropriate credit to
authors when delivering lectures, workshops, or
other presentations

8.02 Intellectual Property

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Creations of “the mind”

The products of human intelligence and creation
E.g., scientific publications, writings,course materials, tests, photos, art
- Copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade
secrets

Intellectual Property

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This applies to more than just intellectual property

It applies in your entire practice, and
even in your daily life:
-Give Fair Credit to Others

Proper and Truthful ATTRIBUTION

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a) Behavior analysts who engage others to create or place public statements that promote their professional practice, products, or activities retain professional responsibility for such statements

b) Behavior analysts make reasonable efforts to prevent others whom they do not oversee (e.g., employers, publishers, sponsors, organizational clients, and representatives of the print or broadcast
media) from making deceptive statements concerning behavior analysts’ practices or professional or scientific activities

c) If behavior analysts learn of deceptive statements about their work made by others, behavior analysts correct such statements

d)A paid advertisement relating to behavior analysts’ activities must be identified as such, unless it is
apparent from the context

8.03 Statements by Others

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Review and approve any statement 
or advertisement that marketers and 
others make about one’s activities
Ex:
 The false introduction
 “Michel is in charge of…” 
 “Dr.” Freeman
 False claims made on a website

Professional Responsibility for

Others’ Statements

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You are responsible for:

Statements you make personally
Some statements others make about you/your services

 If you or another person makes a statement that may be misleading, you are responsible for clarifying

 What about statements made by those you supervise?

Responsibility in Public Statements

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a)Behavior analysts using electronic 
media (e.g., video, e-learning, social 
media, electronic transmission of 
information) obtain and maintain 
knowledge regarding the security 
and limitations of electronic media in 
order to adhere to this Code

8.04 Media Presentations and

Media-Based Services

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Privacy

Confidentiality

Evidence-based/effective interventions (including supervision)

Ongoing data collection

Timely program modifications

Technical glitches/interruption of service

Issues in Media-based Delivery

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Examples:
-Email:
 • Discussion of treatment with parents
• Sharing documents (attachments) 
• Discussing student grades
 •Skype or other live broadcast methods for meetings discussing a client case or to provide supervision from a distance

Privacy in a Digital World

804, Media presentations and media-based services

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b) Behavior analysts making public
statements or delivering presentations using electronic media do not disclose
personally identifiable information concerning their clients, supervisees, students, research participants, or other recipients of their services that they
obtained during the course of their work, unless written consent has been obtained

c) Behavior analysts delivering presentations using electronic media disguise confidential information
concerning participants, whenever possible, so that they are not individually identifiable to others and
so that discussions do not cause harm to identifiable participants

d) When behavior analysts provide public
statements, advice, or comments by means of
public lectures, demonstrations, radio or
television programs, electronic media, articles,
mailed material, or other media, they take
reasonable precautions to ensure that (1) the
statements are based on appropriate behavior-
analytic literature and practice, (2) the statements are otherwise consistent with this Code, and (3) the advice or comment does not create an agreement for service with the recipient

8.04 Media Presentations and

Media-Based Services (continued)

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Rely on peer-reviewed scientifically

validated literature, tied to the principles of behavior, not information from “popular” media outlets

8.04d(1) Public Statements Based
on Literature and Practice

Media-based presentations and media-based services

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Examples: JABA, JEAB, BA in Practice

Non-examples: Time, The Guardian, Fox News, The NY Times, The Blaze
*Exceptions: When talking about the media talking about behavioral issues
-Media discussions of ABA, news on
psychotropics
-Wakefield (1998), Breuning (1980-1988)

Proper Versus Improper Sources

804 media-based presentations and media-based services

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ABAI’s Autism SIG’s Consumer Guideline

APBA’s Position Statement on Restraint and
Seclusion

National Autism Center’s “Evidence-Based
Practice and Autism in the Schools”
-Effective Practices for Children with Autism
•Empirically supported, evidence-based, or best practice

Some Practice Standards Examples:

In a chapter on evidence-based practice, Dietrich (2008)* states, “Long (2006) reports that when the term ‘autism cure’ was searched on the Google search
engine in February, 2005, and again in February, 2006, the number of web pages had increased from 528,000 to 5,290,000. Many of the interventions on these sites had not been evaluated.”

What ABA is up Against

Based on the established scientific principles of behavior as demonstrated over time

Empirically-supported:

Quantitative and experimental (versus qualitative or descriptive)

Evidence-based:

Consensus of the field

Best-practice

When discussing your work in public, KNOW THIS CODE Your statements must be consistent with ALL elements in this document

8.04d(2) Consistent with the Code Media-based presentations and media-based services

Be very clear about what service is, and what service is NOT A tacit agreement to provide service can do some real damage • Dr. Lou P, his TV show, and radio-based therapy

8.04d(3) The Advice or Comment Does Not Create an Agreement for Service… Media-based presentations a media-based services

 A stolen laptop (also see 2.06 Maintaining confidentiality and 2.07 Maintaining records)  Remote service leading to made-up data and no IOA – the behavior analyst who is not there  A question: Is there evidence that telehealth services or distance supervision are effective practices?

Some Possible Code 8.04 | Violations

Behavior analysts do not solicit or use testimonials about behavior-analytic services from current clients for publication on their webpages or in any other electronic or print material… …Testimonials from former clients must identify whether they were solicited or unsolicited, include an accurate statement of the relationship between the behavior analyst and the author of the testimonial, and comply with all applicable laws about claims made in the testimonial Behavior analysts may advertise by describing the kinds and types of evidence-based services they provide, the qualifications of their staff, and objective outcome data they have accrued or published, in accordance with applicable laws

8.05 Testimonials and Advertising

Solicitation of testimonials from current clients? Do not do this, ever. Period.  What if the client offers a testimonial without being asked? No!  Can the behavior analyst ask, “Is it OK if I put what you wrote in your email on our web page?”  What if client says, without solicitation, “I want the world to know…No

Testimonials: Current Clients

Soliciting of testimonials from former clients – you may do this, but be very careful In any testimonial, you must disclose: -If statements were solicited or unsolicited -Any relationship (e.g., dual role) the behavior analyst may have with the person giving the testimonial

Testimonials: Former Clients

Behavior analysts do not engage, directly or through agents, in uninvited in-person solicitation of business from actual or potential users of services who, because of their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence. Organizational behavior management or performance management services may be marketed to corporate entities regardless of their projected financial position.

8.06 In-Person Solicitation

Clinical services: •Never solicit business uninvited •What if a behavior analyst is invited to present at a local support group? • (For example, a public presentation to a local parent group) • Present choices of providers OBM/PM: Acceptable to market

In-Person Solicitation

Representatives of media outlets are not your friends They are looking for a story The juicier the story, the better they like it You may use social media, but just be aware… ``` Some Examples The local magazine interview The guest speaker in a graduate class “Likes” on Facebook Twitter feeds ```

Interacting with the Media

Whatever you say, write, or post, anywhere may show up in Court Or even on The National News

 Ethical action must guide all of your statements in public  Ethical requirements also pertain to what you allow others to say about you, your work, or other issues relating to ABA  This includes pretty much everything said or written regarding behavior analysis of any kind: Research-related, clinical, supervisory, consultative, educational, or in relation to the public representation of ABA in genera

The Bottom Line

Several new or revised code elements are pertinent to technology- enhanced interventions and professional training experiences Note:*The BACB’s Guidelines for Responsible Conduct have been replaced by the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code

I The BACB Compliance Code

Applies to those who deliver services, teach, or conduct research using electronic media Eg., Internet, e-learning, interactive multi-media When using an existing or emerging technology must consider any ethical challenges that may arise as a result of using a media-based delivery  E.g., Privacy, confidentiality, evidence- based interventions, ongoing data collection, and program modifications

8.04 Media Presentations and | Media-Based Services

Secure permission for electronic recordings of interviews or services •. Clients and relevant staff •. All relevant settings Consent for different uses obtained specifically and separately

2.05 Rights and Prerogatives of | Clients

Primary obligation to protect confidentiality  Privacy right for companies and families Help consumers understand how confidentiality is maintained  Explain potential risks when using media-based technology

2.06 Maintaining Confidentiality

Based on performance Frequent and timely (currently once per two weeks) When using technology for feedback: •Supervision is signaled in advance • Allows people around the world to access supervision

Provide feedback that is: 5.06 Providing Feedback to Supervisees

When there are multiple effective treatments, take into account:  Efficiency and cost-effectiveness  Risks and side-effects  Client preference  Practitioner experience and training

2.09 Treatment/Intervention | Efficacy

Step I – - Is it effective? - What additional repertoires are required? ``` Step II – •Comparative studies with lower tech? • At least as effective? •More time or cost efficient? • Equally robust or other vulnerabilities? ```

Evaluating Effectiveness

Is it more effective/efficient than lower tech on at least one important dimension?  Fewer trials/less time to criterion  Better generalization or maintenance  Lower rates of problem behavior  Lower or reasonable cost and resources  Less staff training or less risk for procedural integrity failures  Preferred by consumer

Evaluating Effectiveness – Step II

Consider: ``` Is it more effective/efficient than lower tech on at least one important dimension?  Fewer trials/less time to criterion  Better generalization or maintenance  Lower rates of problem behavior ``` Randomized Controlled Trial in progress: Reading Instruction

Step II – More Effective?

1. The practical application of knowledge in a particular area Don’t Lose This Part!!! 2. Synonymous with advances in electromechanical device

Two Types of Technology

RCT: BST versus Online Instruction to teach implementation of listener responding Accuracy, duration of training, time invested in development

More Effective than Low Tech?

Pretest Role Play: Listener Responding Trials - Overall accuracy Time to completion - Problems and troubleshooting** - Cost analysis Posttest Role Play: Listener Responding Trials Performance Feedback if needed

Study done

Teaching Reading Grades K-2: Learn to Read Grades 3-up: Read to Learn Pretest DIBELS: Match and Randomly Assign 9 completed More to start in Sept ``` Posttest DIBEL Time to completion Overall accuracy Problems and troubleshooting** ```

Teaching reading study

``` If equal or better effects, higher preference, logistical benefits, then why not? …ain’t no such thing as a free lunch!!!!! ```

Should We Use High Tech?

Still Has to Work Because of This!!!

The practical application of knowledge in a particular area  E.g., PECS, reinforcement

1. Does it actually work and at least as well as the low tech option for which we have an evidence base? •What conditions will it take to make it work as well as the existing option? 2. Do your clinical needs match the advantages? •Multiple learners - same or similar skills •Multiple staff and inconsistencies that could be eliminated •Multiple areas of use for same learner •Important context to minimize stigma 3. Do you have the resources? • Knowledge to use the technology well? • Plug and play technology • Skills for videography and scripting • Tech staff who can provide support • Skills to modify the equipment if needed •Storage and access system •Fiscal resources for equipment and replacement

Choose Wisely - Questions To consider when using technology

Consumer harm Damage to professional reputation Risk our ‘right to practice’

Consequences If we ignore professional ethics in our technology choices…

Requires behavior analyst not to engage in uninvited in person solicitation, with an exemption for the advertisement and sale of OBM Services

8.06 In-person solicitation (from test)

Behavior analyst comply with this code in public statements relating to their professional services, products, or publications, or to the profession of behavior analysts.

8.0 public statements (From test)