UNIT 5&6: Immunity, Biofilm, Deposits, & Perio Review Flashcards
1
Q
Gingivitis is
A
inflammation of gingival tissue.
2
Q
Which of the following is the primary factor causing periodontal disease?
A
plaque
3
Q
Innate immunity is best described as
A
born with this natural immunity
4
Q
Some lymphocytes begin in the bone marrow, and _______________________
A
move to the thymus to develop into T-cells.
5
Q
Why is the cementum covering root surfaces more susceptible to caries than enamel?
A
Cementum has a lower mineral content than enamel.
6
Q
Bacteria in dental plaque feed on fermentable carbohydrates, which include?
A
- Sugars
- Cooked starch
- Fruit sugars
7
Q
Perioscopy uses
A
a miniature dental endoscope, along with video, lighting, and magnification.
8
Q
What types of caries occurs primarily on occlusal surfaces?
A
Pit and fissure
9
Q
Pyrexia is best described as
A
a temperature above the normal body range, aka fever
10
Q
(blank) is inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressing from the gingiva into the connective tissue and alveolar bone that support the teeth.
A
Periodontitis
11
Q
A phagocyte is best described as
A
A white blood cell the chews up invading organisms
12
Q
Lymphocytes help the body remember invaders and destroy them. Lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow.
A
true
13
Q
B-cells make antibodies. T-cells are the killer cells.
A
true
14
Q
Which characteristic is unique to diabetes mellitus-associated gingivitis?
A
Severity is related to blood glucose levels
15
Q
Which is not true of subgingival calculus?
A
It is associated with the ducts of the major salivary glands.
16
Q
What are characteristics of subgingival calculus
A
- It forms below the root surface.
- It can be dark due to staining.
- It increases the damage caused by oral bacteria.
- is not site specific and is found throughout the mouth.
17
Q
What are some facts about early childhood caries (ECC)?
A
- It is a transmissible disease.
- It is dependent on socioeconomic status.
- It is more prevelant among particular ethnic groups.
- It is common among children living in an area lacking water fluoridation.
18
Q
The current AAP staging of periodontitis uses 4 distinct levels to label and assess the extent of peridontitis.
A
True
19
Q
An acute inflammation is best described as:
A
short lasting
20
Q
What is one of the causes of rampant caries?
A
Xerostomia
21
Q
Acquired immunity can be naturally or passively acquired. Naturally is when a person recovers from a disease and passively is the short duration immunity a baby receives from its mother.
A
True
22
Q
The presence of what condition indicates periodontitis rather than gingivitis?
A
Loss of attachment
23
Q
Bacteria in dental _____ cause inflammation by producing enzymes and toxins that destroy periodontal tissues and lower host defenses.
A
biofilm
24
Q
What is the most prevalent disease of childhood?
A
Early childhood caries
25
What are examples of caries risk assessment tests?
Saliva flow rate and bacterial testing
26
Incipient caries is the (blank) stage of development of a carious lesion.
First
27
Skin is referred to as an innate immunity.
True
28
The complement system is the part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytes to clear microbes and damaged cells from the organism.
True
29
A clean, healthy tooth will have little or no fluorescence when a laser caries detector is used, resulting in (blank) readings.
Very low
30
What is a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go?
Latent Infection
31
Chewing one stick of xylitol gum three times a day will help to:
* increase salivary flow.
* assist in the remineralization of tooth surfaces.
* neutralize mouth acids
32
What are likely complications from periodontal disease
* Low weight, pre-term birth
* Coronary heart disease
* Aspiration Pneumonia
33
Demineralization occurs when calcium and phosphate dissolve from (blank) in the enamel.
hydroxyapatite
34
When immunity is obtained by recovery from a disease, it is called (blank) immunity.
active naturally acquired
35
The staging portion of the current AAP guidelines uses distinct categories which are described as:
Complexity, severity, and extent and distribution.
36
There is a great deal of variability in the susceptibility of an individual patient to periodontal disease and in successful outcomes of treatment.
True
37
An individual with chronic periodontal disease is at increased risk for what respiratory infection?
Pneumonia
38
Which of the following is a type of gingival infection is characterized by necrosis of gingival papillae?
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis aka trench mouth
39
The three factors required for the development of caries are a susceptible tooth, specific bacteria, and
fermentable carbohydrates.
40
Immunity allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing
infection
41
Chronic inflammation appears to do harm to the entire body.
true
42
What does the “M” in CAMBRA stand for?
Management
43
Which is true regarding caries detection?
Several types of devices have been developed that can provide a higher level of discrimination than an explorer in the diagnosis of dental caries.
44
What are some methods of caries detection (at least 4)
45
A patient complaining of discomfort is one of the first signs of gingivitis.
False
46
Which of the following is the most common source of transmission of disease-causing mutans streptococci (MS) to infants?
Mothers
| babies have no prescence of mutans streptococci in their oral cavity
47
Which of the following must be removed by the dentist or the dental hygienist with scaling instruments?
Calculus
48
Immunization or vaccination is known as (blank) immunity.
Active artificially acquired
49
What is true of laser caries detector readings?
* A false-positive is possible if plaque is present in fissures.
* Carious tooth structure reveals higher degrees of fluorescence.
* The laser caries detector is not a stand-alone diagnostic tool.
* cannot be used to detect caries under an amalgam restoration.
50
An infection that has a rapid onset or a short course is a(n) (blank) infection.
acute
51
What is a fact about dental caries?
It is a communicable bacterial disease.
52
Some Lymphocytes begin in the bone marrow and _______________
remain there to mature into B-cells
53
Loss of connective tissue attachment is associated with periodontitis and not gingivitis.
true
54
A probing depth of more than ___ mm is associated with gingival disease.
3
55
Chronic inflammation is a prolonged response to antibodies made by C-cells.
False
| ???
56
What type of bacteria is found in relatively large numbers in dental plaque?
Streptococcus mutans
57
Periodontitis is _____
Infectious
58
Supragingival calculus is___
Found above the gingival margin
59
The reason why women with severe periodontal disease have a greater risk for preterm low-birth-weight (PLBW) babies is thought to be due to
certain biochemicals produced with periodontal disease, which can create hormones that cause early uterine contractions and labor.
60
What is true regarding the demineralization of tooth structure?
* Demineralization is caused by the bacterial acid released after eating a fermentable carbohydrate.
* Demineralization is increased as fermentable carbohydrates are eaten more frequently.
* Demineralization is increased as the teeth are exposed to fermentable carbohydrates more frequently.
61
What systemic conditions are associated with sex hormone gingival disease?
* Puberty
* Pregnancy
* Menstrual cycle
62
Which of the following is the part of the periodontium that connects the cementum covering the root of the tooth with the alveolar bone of the socket wall?
Periodontal ligament
63
_____ are risk factors for periodontal disease.
* Smoking
* Osteoporosis
* Stress
63
Periodontal disease is considered to be generalized if more than ___% of sites in the mouth are affected.
30
63
Which of the following is the primary cause of periodontal disease?
Bacterial plaque
64
A neutrophil is a type of phagocyte.
true
65
Which is true of dental plaque?
* It is a colorless, sticky coating on the teeth.
* It contains an adhesive substance called the pellicle.
* It contains 99% more oral bacteria than the same amount of saliva.
66
What is the primary reason why root caries is becoming more prevalent?
People are keeping their teeth longer.
67
The cause(s) of periodontal disease is/are:
Soft biofilm and hard calculus
68
What are classic signs of inflammation?
* Heat
* Redness
* Loss of function
* Swelling
69
Which type of saliva provides the best protection from caries?
Serous
70
It is important to document home care and that the patient has been informed about the potential for future periodontal disease if home care does not improve.
true
71
Which is true of perioscopy?
* It is a new procedure that uses a miniature dental endoscope with video, lighting, and magnification technology to look into a deep subgingival pocket.
* It is able to determine the precise location of root deposits, granulation tissue, caries, and root fractures.
* It assists the operator in identifying and removing calculus that might have been missed.
72
Periodontal diseases will appear clinically as all of the following:
* red and loosely attached
* rolled and inflammed
* pink and loosely attached
73
The correct name for a foreign substance in the body is;
antigen
74
Periodontal disease may be triggered by what factors?
* Malocclusion
* Nutritional deficiencies
* Some blood pressure medications
75
A woman with severe periodontal disease has a ___ times greater risk for a preterm infant with low birth weight compared with women with little or no periodontal disease.
7
76
Which form of periodontal disease is reversible?
Gingivitis
77
What is true about the process of demineralization and remineralization?
* Caries is an ongoing process characterized by alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization.
* Demineralization and remineralization may occur without loss of tooth structure.
* Caries develops if more demineralization than remineralization occurs.
78
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A sign is the subjective description by the patient of an abnormality.
False
| A SYMPTOM is the subjective description by the patient of an abnormality
79
Which of the following group(s) of bacteria are responsible for dental caries?
Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
80
When the body recognizes foreign substances the immune system is activated to rid the body of these antigens.
true
80
Which of the following are the two basic forms of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis and periodontitis
81
Which of the following is an infectious disease in which children live in constant pain from decayed primary teeth and swollen gums?
Early Childhood Caries
82
What can slow or prevent the caries process?
Increasing salivary flow
83
Materia Alba is best described as:
loosely organized microorganisms, food debris, epithelial cells, and blood cells
84
What is one of the leading cause of tooth loss in adults?
Periodontal Disesases
85
What is a characteristic associated with diseased rather than healthy gingival tissue?
Bleeding upon probing
86
What are characteristics associated healthy gingival tissue
* Uniformly pale pink
* Firm and resilient
* Attached and stippled
