unit 5,6,7 test

Question 1

What are the 3 ways urine is formed?

Answer 1

filtration, secretion, reabsorption

Question 2

What are the 2 hormones that regulate urine volume?

Answer 2

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Question 3

What are the preferred methods of urine collection, that will allow for microbe evaluation?

Answer 3

catheterization and cystocentesis

Question 4

What is the ideal time from that urine samples should be analyzed?

Answer 4

30 mins

Question 5

What is the normal urine output for adult dogs and cats?

Answer 5

20-40 ml/kg/day

Question 6

Which piece of lab equipment should be used to determine specific gravity?

Answer 6

refractometer

Question 7

What range of urine specific gravity is considered isosthenuric?

Answer 7

1.008-1.012

Question 8

How is the chemical constituents of urine tested?

Answer 8

place urine on a reagent strip

Question 9

Which species normally contains a large amount of sediment in their urine?

Answer 9

Horses and rabbits

Question 10

The CBC machine is used to determine if red or white blood cells are in the urine.

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

Aldosterone does which of the following?

Answer 11

Reabsorb sodium and water and secrete potassium

Question 12

Select all the things that will produce a positive result on the blood portion of a urine reagent strip:

Answer 12

-hemoglobin
-intact RBC
-myoglobin

Question 13

Which is the normal urine output for a horse?

Answer 13

3 - 18 ml/kg/day

Question 14

Which test yield’s important information on the patient’s fluid volume?

Answer 14

SG

Question 15

An increase proteinuria can indicate which of the following?

Answer 15

Kidney disease

Question 16

Which crystals can normally be found in the urine of horses and rabbits?

Answer 16

Calcium carbonate

Question 17

Select all the functions of the kidney(5):

Answer 17

Filter blood
-regulate acid-base
-regulate blood pressure
-produce hormone
-regulate fluid volume

Question 18

Which test yield’s important information on what the kidneys are secreting?

Answer 18

Chemistry strip

Question 19

Select all the ways to collect urine that can be used for culture:

Answer 19

urinary catheter

cystocentesis

Question 20

polyuria

Answer 20

increased volume of urine

Question 21

pollakiuria

Answer 21

increase frequency of urination

Question 22

olgiuria

Answer 22

decrease volume of urine

Question 23

anuria

Answer 23

No urine

Question 24

What is the main difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 24

plasma does not clot therefore still has fibrinogen

Question 25

What principles do most chemistry analyzers in veterinary practice use?

Answer 25

photometry

Question 26

What organ produces most of the plasma proteins?

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

What is bilirubin?

Answer 27

byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown

Question 28

How do bile acids function?

Answer 28

aid fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels

Question 29

What are the 2 primary serum chemistry tests used to determine kidney function?

Answer 29

BUN & creatinine

Question 30

What are the 2 commonly performed tests used to evaluate the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 30

amylase and lipase

Question 31

How much can glucose levels drop if left in contact with RBC at room temperature for 1 hour?

Answer 31

10%

Question 32

What chemical components in the body contribute to the acid-base balance?

Answer 32

buffers

Question 33

What are the major electrolytes in plasma?

Answer 33

sodium, potassium, chloride

Question 34

Which is a hepatic function test?

Answer 34

Bile acids

Question 35

Which test is elevated when skeletal muscle is damaged?

Answer 35

Creatine kinase

Question 36

An electrochemical analyzer evaluated which components?

Answer 36

electrolytes

Question 37

Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma?

Answer 37

albumin

Question 38

Which indicate increased levels of hypoperfusion or hypoxia.

Answer 38

lactate

Question 39

Which animal excretes uric acid from their kidneys?

Answer 39

BIRDS

Question 40

Which liver enzyme is associated with cholestasis?

Answer 40

Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)

Question 41

Blood chemistry measurements should be completed within what time frame?

Answer 41

1 hour

Question 42

Which electrolyte is needed to maintain neuromuscular excitability?

Answer 42

calcium

Question 43

Which is a buffer, used to maintain pH balance in the body?

Answer 43

bicarbonate

Question 44

Which word means an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels?

Answer 44

azotemia

Question 45

What is cytology?

Answer 45

the study of cells shed from the body

Question 46

What is the primary purpose of cytology?

Answer 46

differentiate inflammation from neoplasia

Question 47

What technique is used to collect cells from the center of a mass?

Answer 47

fine needle biopsy (aspirate)

Question 48

What is a hallmark cytological characteristic of neoplastic specimens?

Answer 48

homogeneous population of cells

Question 49

What is the term for fluids that have increased cellularity and protein concentration?

Answer 49

exudate

Question 50

What are reactive lymph nodes?

Answer 50

lymph nodes that are responding to antigenic stimulation

Question 51

What do ear swabs help diagnose?

Answer 51

otitis externa

Question 52

At what temperature should equipment be warned to when examining semen?

Answer 52

37 degrees celsius

Question 53

Which tumor type is characterized as large round cells that have a high yield on aspirate and cell clumping is common?

Answer 53

epithelial

Question 54

Which is the examination of blocks of tissue?

Answer 54

histopathology

Question 55

Which cells are normally present in a vaginal swab during estrus?

Answer 55

cornified squamous epithelial

Question 56

Which portion of ejaculate is examined for sperm morphology?

Answer 56

second

Question 57

You have a punch biopsy specimen that is being sent to the lab, but your vet wants to get a sample for in house cytology. Which collection method will work best?

Answer 57

Imprint

Question 58

Which describes fluid that has low to moderate Total Nucleated Cell Count, but high total protein concentration?

Answer 58

modified transudate

Question 59

Which method of transtracheal wash can be done with the animal awake?

Answer 59

percutaneous

Question 60

Sample with cells that display at least three abnormal nuclear configurations are considered

Answer 60

malignant neoplasia