unit 5,6,7 test Flashcards
What are the 3 ways urine is formed?
filtration, secretion, reabsorption
What are the 2 hormones that regulate urine volume?
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
What are the preferred methods of urine collection, that will allow for microbe evaluation?
catheterization and cystocentesis
What is the ideal time from that urine samples should be analyzed?
30 mins
What is the normal urine output for adult dogs and cats?
20-40 ml/kg/day
Which piece of lab equipment should be used to determine specific gravity?
refractometer
What range of urine specific gravity is considered isosthenuric?
1.008-1.012
How is the chemical constituents of urine tested?
place urine on a reagent strip
Which species normally contains a large amount of sediment in their urine?
Horses and rabbits
The CBC machine is used to determine if red or white blood cells are in the urine.
FALSE
Aldosterone does which of the following?
Reabsorb sodium and water and secrete potassium
Select all the things that will produce a positive result on the blood portion of a urine reagent strip:
-hemoglobin
-intact RBC
-myoglobin
Which is the normal urine output for a horse?
3 - 18 ml/kg/day
Which test yield’s important information on the patient’s fluid volume?
SG
An increase proteinuria can indicate which of the following?
Kidney disease
Which crystals can normally be found in the urine of horses and rabbits?
Calcium carbonate
Select all the functions of the kidney(5):
Filter blood
-regulate acid-base
-regulate blood pressure
-produce hormone
-regulate fluid volume
Which test yield’s important information on what the kidneys are secreting?
Chemistry strip
Select all the ways to collect urine that can be used for culture:
urinary catheter
cystocentesis
polyuria
increased volume of urine
pollakiuria
increase frequency of urination
olgiuria
decrease volume of urine
anuria
No urine
What is the main difference between serum and plasma?
plasma does not clot therefore still has fibrinogen
What principles do most chemistry analyzers in veterinary practice use?
photometry
What organ produces most of the plasma proteins?
Liver
What is bilirubin?
byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown
How do bile acids function?
aid fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels
What are the 2 primary serum chemistry tests used to determine kidney function?
BUN & creatinine
What are the 2 commonly performed tests used to evaluate the exocrine pancreas?
amylase and lipase
How much can glucose levels drop if left in contact with RBC at room temperature for 1 hour?
10%
What chemical components in the body contribute to the acid-base balance?
buffers
What are the major electrolytes in plasma?
sodium, potassium, chloride
Which is a hepatic function test?
Bile acids
Which test is elevated when skeletal muscle is damaged?
Creatine kinase
An electrochemical analyzer evaluated which components?
electrolytes
Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma?
albumin
Which indicate increased levels of hypoperfusion or hypoxia.
lactate
Which animal excretes uric acid from their kidneys?
BIRDS
Which liver enzyme is associated with cholestasis?
Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)
Blood chemistry measurements should be completed within what time frame?
1 hour
Which electrolyte is needed to maintain neuromuscular excitability?
calcium
Which is a buffer, used to maintain pH balance in the body?
bicarbonate
Which word means an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels?
azotemia
What is cytology?
the study of cells shed from the body
What is the primary purpose of cytology?
differentiate inflammation from neoplasia
What technique is used to collect cells from the center of a mass?
fine needle biopsy (aspirate)
What is a hallmark cytological characteristic of neoplastic specimens?
homogeneous population of cells
What is the term for fluids that have increased cellularity and protein concentration?
exudate
What are reactive lymph nodes?
lymph nodes that are responding to antigenic stimulation
What do ear swabs help diagnose?
otitis externa
At what temperature should equipment be warned to when examining semen?
37 degrees celsius
Which tumor type is characterized as large round cells that have a high yield on aspirate and cell clumping is common?
epithelial
Which is the examination of blocks of tissue?
histopathology
Which cells are normally present in a vaginal swab during estrus?
cornified squamous epithelial
Which portion of ejaculate is examined for sperm morphology?
second
You have a punch biopsy specimen that is being sent to the lab, but your vet wants to get a sample for in house cytology. Which collection method will work best?
Imprint
Which describes fluid that has low to moderate Total Nucleated Cell Count, but high total protein concentration?
modified transudate
Which method of transtracheal wash can be done with the animal awake?
percutaneous
Sample with cells that display at least three abnormal nuclear configurations are considered
malignant neoplasia
