Unit 5-6 Flashcards
The 1889 land rush only opened a _____________ not assigned to any tribe.
western strip of Oklahoma
Under the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the Sioux were granted__________
the Black Hills “as long as the grass shall grow”
Treaties with the Sioux and Nez Perces were broken when whites ____________
found gold on their lands.
In mining boomtowns known as “Helldorados,” men _____________
outnumbered women by as much as ten to one.
The cattle drives in the 1860s-1870s would not have been possible without ____________
rail lines to eastern markets.
By 1900, what group in California played the same role as poor black sharecroppers in the South?
Chinese
The Homestead Act granted 160 acres of public domain to any settler who would __________
live on the land and improve it for five years.
Which of these explains why it is so important for farm families to cooperate with each other on the Great Plains?
the harsh climate and unyielding soil of the region
After defeating Custer at Little Big Horn, Sioux chief Sitting Bull reportedly made which of these statements?
“Now they will never let us rest”
The people who benefitted most from the Homestead Act were the ____________
land speculators.
European immigrants to the Great Plains tended to form ___________
tight-knit, ethically distinctive communities
The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 reversed ____________.
federal Indian policy that had been in place since the 1830s
The Mormons’ most controversial practice was _________.
polygamy
Pima cooperation with white settlers brought them _________
impoverishment
After settling in Utah in the 1840s, the Mormons established hundreds of _____________
communities from Oregon to Mexico
Under human use, the natural environment of the West was_____________.
destroyed or significantly degraded
On the Great Plains, the most successful farmers were those with __________.
money and political power
The first national park in the United States was __________
Yellowstone
The Great Plains were often referred to by early explorers as ______________
“the Great Desert”
One result of the mining boom in the West was the______________
creation of strong and effective unions
In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which provided funds to __________
relocate all eastern tribes by force if necessary
The Santa Fe Ring was a group of land spectators, lawyers, and politicians who _____________
cheated Mexicanos out of their landholdings
The Cherokee responded to pressure from whites by _____________. (3 things)
learning English, becoming Christians, and adopting farming
Unlike European immigrants, native-born American settlers of the Great Plains tended to _____________
settle as individual families isolated on solitary homesteads.
Army commanders encouraged the slaughter of buffalo herds because they thought it would_____________
break tribal resistance to the reservation system
Sears, Roebuck and Company and Montgomery Ward, the great mail-order houses, were located in Chicago because it was ______________
the center of the consolidated rail system
Industrial production in the New South ____________
returned very few profits to Southerners
The “good roads” about which southern politicians bragged were mainly built by _____________
African American convict labor
In the 1860s, meatpackers set up one of the earliest ____________
assembly lines
What term did economist and social critic Thorstein Veblen use to describe the new style created by the rich?
conspicuous consumption
The AFL considered a strike a ___________
last resort if negotiations failed
The United Fruit Company was to vertical integration as this company was to horizontal combination.
Standard Oil
The new middle class of the Gilded Age was composed almost____________
exclusively of white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants
The fastest-growing area of the textile industry in the later nineteenth century was in ___________
the southern Piedmont
In the typical company town of the southern Piedmont, workers were constantly _______________
supervised and controlled by the company
The cheapest labor for unskilled jobs such as woodworking and garments was usually ____________
new immigrants, especially women
This financier was popularly known as the “worst man in the world”
Jay Gould
The Haymarket Square meeting took place the day after ______________
police had killed four strikers.
As American cities grew during the Gilded Age, ___________
few urban leaders did any long-term planning.
By the end of the century, nearly 80 percent of African Americans in the North _______________
lived in urban areas.
Before writing the Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie had made his fortune in ____________
steel production.
By the time he died, Andrew Carnegie had ___________
given away his massive personal fortune.
The “gospel of wealth” justified the _______________
ruthless behavior of entrepreneurs like Rockefeller
New immigrants tended to settle in _______________
cities where large numbers of their countrymen lived
The majority of the urban population lived in ___________
tenements.
The proponents of a “New South” envisioned the South as an area that promoted _______________
industrial development and welcomed northern investors
With the rapid growth of manufacturing, for working-class people, _________________
steady employment was rare
The main demand of the strikers gathered at Haymarket Square in Chicago was an ______________
eight hour workday
Urban African American and immigrant women found employment mostly in trades _________________
least affected by technological advances
John D. Rockefeller’s horizontal combination was so successful that he controlled this percentage of the nation’s oil refining by 1882.
over 90 percent
The main factor that promoted economic growth during the second industrial revolution from 1871 to 1914 was _______________
application of new technologies
The largest labor organization in the nineteenth century was the __________________
Knights of Labor
Vertical integration is to the control of production of a product as horizontal combination is to control of the_______________
market for a product
The “self-improvement” movement mainly affected the urban ________________
middle class
Thomas Alva Edison’s laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, was one of the first to be devoted to ________________
industrial research
New machinery such as the mechanical cigarette maker allowed _________________
greater production with fewer workers
In 1900, the greatest concentration of manufacturing in the United States was in the _____________
Northeast
What unique custom did New Yorkers on Fifth Avenue develop to show off their riches on the New Year?
leaving their curtains open
Which group would have been least likely to get jobs in trades such as construction and restaurant service?
African Americans
African American workers in the New South were______________
limited to the lowest-paying unskilled jobs
By 1900, the United States was ____________ in the world in terms of productivity.
first
One result of the respect accorded the AFL was that in 1894 ___________
Labor Day was made a national holiday
Central Park, the first planned public urban park in the United States, opened in 1858 in _______________
New York City
By 1890, approximately what fraction of the population lived in cities?
one-third
The most significant development shaping the American economy after the Civil War was the ______________-
emergence and consolidation of large-scale corporations
