Unit 5 Flashcards
chemical messengers that regulate the activities of other cells in the body
hormones
cells that have receptors for hormones to bind to
target cells
organ containing target cells or tissue
target organ
chain of amino acids; most common type of hormone
`peptide hormones
small molecules derived from a specific amino acid
biogenic amines
hormone derived from cholesterol
steroid hormones
a stimulus stars a process and eventually either the hormone or a product of its effects causes the process to slow down or turn off
negative feedback loop
stimulus that accelerates the initial process
positive feedback loop
part of pancreas that produces hormones
pancreatic islets
ovaries for the female
testes for the male
gonads
gastrointestinal tract - digestive tract
includes: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
alimentary canal
everything else not included in the GI tract
include: teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
accessory digestive organs
introducing food into the oral cavity
ingestion
waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls
peristalsis
churning and mixing movements
segmentation
chewing, mixing, and churning food
mechanical digestion
catabolic breakdown of food
chemical digestion
elimination of indigestible solid wastes
defecation
functions of the oral cavity
ingestion, mastication, deglutition
chewed food plus saliva
bolus
functions of pharynx
propulsion
functions of esophagus
propulsion
functions of stomach
propulsion, mechanical digestion, secretion, chemical digestion, storage of food
secretory fluid that breaks down proteins
enzyme pepsin
semi liquid mixture of gastric juices and food
chyme
functions of small intestine
chemical digestion of all food, absorption of food through villi
functions of large intestine
storage and elimination of waste, reabsorption of water, ions, and some vitamins
lining of organs in the abdomin
visceral peritoneum
lining of abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
double-layered portions of the peritoneum
mesenteries