Unit 5 Flashcards
What Chinese dynasty sponsor great, oceangoing expeditions
The Ming
Reasons for the fragmentation of the Roman Catholic Church after 1517
Demonstration of wealth in the church, decline in priesthoodreality, sale of indulgences, challenges in papal authority by regional princes
What was the Renaissance
A rebirth in many different ways beginning in Italy after Black death
Who is the son of Heaven
Chinese emperorWho believe that they were the universal rule are chosen by God to maintain societal order
The trial of Galileo revealed what’s tension common in the 17th century
Religion versus science
Reasons for inflation in Europe and Asia in the 16th century
Importation of silver from new Spain
Women in traditional China
When and where subordinate, faced infanticide, foot binding
New prosperity of Italian domains in cities after 1400
Train flourished and enriched the merchant classes
Marcantilism
The goal of increasing a country’s wealth by imposing government regulations on all of the nations commercial interests
Conquistadors
Spanish conqueror
Trans-Saharan trade routes in west Africa in 1400
Controlled by Songhai
Nation states in Europe in the 15th century
Due to the decline of feudalism and church influence
First successful circumnavigation of the globe
By Ferdinand Magellan in 1519, sailed from the Atlantic into the Pacific, was killed during a battle in the Philippines
Why did Russ a lag behind Western Europe in its development
Authoritarian rule and cultural isolation
Differences between ottoman and Safavid empires
Shi’ism in Iran
Peace of Westphalia
Ended 30 years war, concept of coexisting European states
Africans and slavery
Most were prisoners of war
Technological development that encouraged to European exploration
Astrolabe, caravel ship, compass, lateen sale
Indentured labor
An agreement to work for some years and exchange for passage into the new world
Scientific revolution
New concept sins of the natural world based on math and reasoning
Chinese inventions
Gunpowder, compass, silk, rudder, lateen sail
Maritime explorers
Christopher Columbus, James cook, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan
Globalization of the world economy under Spanish circa 1550
Began with International silver trade
Enuchs in China
Because they could not have families they weren’t a long term political threat
Ming rulers and Mongol influences
Sponsored Confucianism to eradicate it
Brazilian economy in 1600s
Dominated by sugar
Central African kingdoms
Kongo traded with Portuguese
Martin Luther and church reformers of the 1500s
Focused on a precedence of scriptural authority over the traditions of the church
Catholic missionary orders who came to the New World
Macedonians, Dominicans ,Franciscans, and Jesuits
English Civil War/Ottoman invasions of the Balkins
Ended regicide
Reasons for European exploration
Increased prestige, finding tropical land for cash crops, spreading Catholicism, and maritime trade routes to Asia
Columbian exchange
Disease
Feudal farm system in the new Spain
Encomienda system
Social hierarchy in Spanish empire after 1500
Political dominance of peninsulares
European nations that sailed to Asia
Portuguese
Last dynasty of China
Qing
James cook
British, found Australia/New Zealand
Effects of the Columbian exchange
Arrival of disease
Luther/95 theses
Protest against 95 things wrong with the Roman Catholic Church
Henry the eight Reformation in England
The king did not have a male heir to the throne
Council of Trent
Council of the Roman Catholic Church
Social classes in America’s
Solares, creels, mestizos, mulattos, native Indians, slaves
Christopher Columbus
Sailed to the New World thinking it was the west Indies, search for a direct route to India
Songhai empire
Largest Islamic empire in history. Located in West Africa
Songhai emperors
Sonni Ali, Asthia the Great
Portuguese control over Angola
In west Africa, Portuguese interested in slave trade so they were peaceful with the Kongo
Triangular slave trade
Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe. Textiles, rum, manufactured goods to Africa. Slaves to America.
1368 Ming Dynasty
Hong Wu emperor established it and 1368
Yongle rule
Third Emperor of Ming dynasty, raised it to its greatest power, moved to Beijing
Ming emperors stabilization of China
Prohibited foreign travel/unauthorized trade
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires
Islamic, military empires, centralized government, bureaucracy
Janissaries
Elite infantry units of the Ottoman Empire
Akbar
Mughal emperor, enlarged the empire and established centralized administration
