Unit 5

Question 0

Which part of the efferent division deals with and involuntary branch of the PNS and what does it innervate?

Answer 0

The autonomic nervous system.

It innervates the cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, most exocrine glands, some endocrine glands and adipose tissue.

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the efferent system?

Answer 1

Somatic and autonomic

Question 2

What does the somatic nervous system control and what does it innervate?

Answer 2

It is subject to voluntary control and it innervates skeletal muscles.

Question 3

Name the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system
And
Parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 4

Where is the preganglionic fibre located and whee does it synapse?

Answer 4

Located in the CNS and it synapses in the ganglion.

Question 5

This fibre originated in the ganglion and innervates the effector organ or gland. What is its name?

Answer 5

The postganglionic fibre.

Question 6

Describe the length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 6

Preganglionic are short and postganglionic are long

Question 7

Where do the preganglionic fibres of the sympathetic system originate and what do they release?

Answer 7

Originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and release Ach.

Question 8

Ganglia are located in the sympathetic ganglion chain on either side if the spinal cord. What kind of fibre is this? And which system is it in?

Answer 8

Preganglionic in the sympathetic system.

Question 9

What do the postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic system release and where do they originate from?

Answer 9

Release norepinephrine or noradrenaline and are located in the ganglion to the effector muscle or gland.

Question 10

What are sympathetic responses caused by? And name the three E’s.

Answer 10

Caused by physical or emotional stress. Emergency, embarrassment, excitement, exercise.

Question 11

The sympathetic system can also be called the….

Answer 11

Fight or flight response.

Question 12

Describe the length or preganglionic and postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic system.

Answer 12

Preganglionic are longer and postganglionic are very short.

Question 13

Where do the preganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic system originate from and what do they release?

Answer 13

Originate from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord and they release Ach.

Question 14

Where do postganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic system originate from and end? And what do they release?

Answer 14

They originate from the ganglion, go to the effector organs and glands and they release Ach.

Question 15

What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

The rest and digest system.

Question 16

What is the goal of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 16

To help conserve and restore body energy during times of rest.

Question 17

SLUDD responses of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 17

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation.

Question 18

What are the 3 things that the parasympathetic system decreases?

Answer 18

Heart rate, diameter of airways and the diameter of pupils.

Question 19

What does the sympathetic nervous system promote in comparison to the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 19

Sympathetic = responses that prepare the body for strenuous physical activity.
Parasympathetic = body-maintenance activities like digestion.

Question 20

Describe dual reciprocal innervation.

Answer 20

Most visceral organs are innervates by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres termed antagonist and it offers more precise control. They produce opposite effects in the organ.

Question 21

Name some exception to the dual reciprocal innervation.

Answer 21

Most arteriolar, veins and sweat glands receive only sympathetic nerve fibres. Arteries and capillaries aren’t innervated. Salivary glands are innervated by both but they aren’t termed antagonist because their volume and composition will differ.

Question 22

What are the 2 types of ANS neuronal fibres?

Answer 22

Cholinergic and adrenergic.