Unit 5 Flashcards
AAQ: Experimental study
One or more variables changed and effect is measured, IV and DV
AAQ: Case study
In depth non-experimental study on an individual or small group
AAQ: Naturalistic observation
Recording behavior in a natural habitat
AAQ: Correlational study
Looks at a relationship between two variables without changing anything
AAQ: Meta-analysis
Evaluating multiple studies to come to a general conclusion
Operational definition
Detailed method of measuring the variable, ex IQ test
Ethical guidelines
Institutional board reviews, informed consent/assent, confidentiality, debriefing
Types of stress
Approach-approach (two good outcomes), avoidance-avoidance (two bad outcomes), etc.
Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
States the response to stress is general alarm (sympathetic nervous system) -> resistance (body stays alert) -> exhaustion (body is vulnerable)
Tend-and-Befriend
Common among women to seek out support from others
Stress affects body
Prevents the formation of new neurons
Personality types (stress)
A: competitive, more stress hormones (list makers)
B: less stress hormones (laid back)
Catharsis
Release of anger through to relieve pent up emotion
Stress coping
Problem-focused: changing stressor, root of problem
Emotion-focused: distract or avoid probelm
Does money buy happiness?
No, but being financially stable predicts happiness
Adaptation level phenomenon
We adjust our neural levels based on experience
Broaden-and-Build theory
Everyday positive emotions strengthens our self-awareness and resilience
Virtues and strengths
1- Wisdom
2- Courage
3- Humanity
4- Justice
5- Transcendence (appreciation)
6- Temperance (forgiveness)
Symptoms for a psychological disorder
Dysfunctional, deviant (abnormal behavior), and distressing
Diathesis-stress model
Individuals genetics combine with their environment to influence disorders
Classical conditioning
Train us to hold onto the things that cause us anziety
Delusions (schizophrenia)
False beliefs (thoughts)
Hallucinations (schizophrenia)
False sensory experiences
Flat effect
Displaying no emotion
Anhedonia
Persistent loss of interest or pleasure
Alogia
Speaking less or not at all
Catatonia
Moving less or not at all
Acute schizophrenia
Begins with a sudden response, environmental trigger
Chronic schizophrenia
Constant symptoms with frequent episodes
Brain abnormalities (schizophrenia)
Occipital and frontal lobe, hippocampus
Clusters of personality disorders
Cluster A: odd/eccentric
Cluster B: dramatic/erratic
Cluster C: anxious/fearful
Avoidant personality disorder
Extreme inadequacy, reluctant to take risks, feel inferior
Borderline personality disorder
Instability, efforts to avoid abandonment, need people there all the time
Schizoid personality disorder
Avoid social activities, appear dull or humorless (flat affect)
Histrionic personality disorder
Needs to be center of attention, sallow emotions, inappropriate behavior
Narcissistic personality disorder
Sense of self-importance, lacks empathy, power obsessed
Antisocial (sociopath) personality disorder
Lack of morality, disobeys laws, impulsive, no regard for safety
Deinstitutionalization
Mental health patients can get resources from their community rather than being sent to insane asylums
Psychotherapy
Therapist and patient work on personal growth
Biomedical therapy
Medications, exercise, etc
Eclectic approach therapy
Uses many therapy techniques
Psychodynamic therapy (unconscious thoughts)
Transference: misplaced feelings on the therapist
Humanisic therapy (people have potential to grow)
Aim to improve a person’s awareness. Uses active listening and unconditional positive regard
Systematic desensitization
Incrementally expose a person to their fear/anxiety
Aversive conditioning
Associating a bad feeling with a negative stimulus
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Aims to change thoughts and actions
