Unit 5 Flashcards
Treaty of Versailles and effects of it
Peace treaty that ended WWI, reshaped Europe.
The Depression also convinced many that capitalism failed and that new systems weren’t needed.
Post-WWI Governments
New governments emerged in Europe during 1920s-1930s.
Dictatorship
Authoritarian regime led by a single leader.
Adolf Hitler
Leader of Nazi Germany, promoted Aryan supremacy.
State of Germany during Hitler
Germany became a fascist state and Hitler began illegally rearming Germany and established compulsory military services and Gestapo or secret police.
Mussolini
founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as dictator. He dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but he led his nation to defeat in World War II (1939-1945) and was executed by his own people.
Mussolini’s rise to power was caused by what outside factors?
Government instability, Collapse of law and order, King Victor Emmanuel’s decision
Mussolini’s action upon his rise to power
Mussolini’s increased control over Fascist movement, Reassurance of Catholics and conservatives, Fascist violence, General Strike, March on Rome
Josef Stalin (USSR)
leader of Soviet Union after Lenin died in 1924, also worked with Roosevelt and Churchill during WWII.
Stalin rise to power
Upon Lenin’s death, he was officially hailed as his successor as the leader of the ruling Communist Party and of the Soviet Union itself.
Fascism
Political ideology emphasizing authoritarian nationalism.
In April 1938, Austrian Annexation- what’s that?
In April 1938, Hitler planned to expand the boundaries of Germany and gave Germans and Austrians a chance to vote on whether Austria should be annexed. 98% of Germans supported this and Hitler annexed Sudetenland and Austria.
Munich Conference
In September 1938, Hitler met with France and Great Britain and made a deal with Neville Chamberlain that no further advances would be made.
When did Hitler violate the Munich Conference agreement?
- In March 1939, Hitler violated this agreement and took Czechoslovakia.
Kristallnacht
Known as the Night of Broken Glass, when Nazis unleashed an organized massacre against the Jews. Nazis vandalized and destroyed Jewish-owned businesses, synagogues, and homes. 1938
German Invasion of Poland
September 1, 1939, initiated WWII in Europe.
Vichy Government
Pro-German regime in southern France during WWII.
Lend-Lease Act
In March 1941, Congress approved the Act allowing the United States to lend/lease American arms to European democracies. By 1945, the US had sent $50 million worth of equipment to Europe, especially Britain. This caused the end of our neutrality because Hitler saw this as a declaration of war.
The Blitz
German bombing campaign against London in 1940. Two million houses were destroyed and 60,000 citizens were killed.
Final Solution
Nazi plan for systematic and mass extermination of Jews. (The Holocaust)
Women in WWII
Given “inappropriate” roles such as factory workers and heavy industrial jobs (“Rosies”). Most women worked in service-sector jobs, especially for the government as “government girls.” About 200,000 women joined the military or WAAC to be mail carriers, mechanics, clerical workers, nurses, ambulance drivers, pilots, or radio operators.
Invasion of Soviet Union
In June 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union which violated the Non-Aggression pact. FDR assisted SU by extending the Lend-Lease Act.
D-Day
June 6, 1944, largest seaborne invasion in history carried out by American, Canadian, and British troops.
D-Day Continued
On 6th June 1944, 2,727 ships sailed to the Normandy coast, and on the first day, 156,000 men landed along a 30-mile front to face 50 German divisions.
At Omaha Beach, the US Army suffered 2,500 casualties.
