Unit 5 Flashcards
When did the field of Social Psychology of Education emerge as an autonomous discipline?
The field of Social Psychology of Education emerged as an autonomous discipline in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Why did psychosociological research in education increase after the Second World War?
It increased because many saw the war as a conflict between fascism and democracy and believed that good education was the best way to promote democracy.
What is a key concept of the classroom as a society?
The classroom is a mini-society with a defined structure, formal goals, a ‘ruler’ (teacher), and ‘citizens’ (students) who interact and work towards goals.
Besides formal structure, what other kind of structure develops in a classroom?
An informal structure develops through interactions between students and teachers.
What are social norms?
Social norms are behavioral standards that control group members’ social behavior in defined circumstances. They reflect the group’s values, goals, and culture.
What is the purpose of norms in the classroom?
The purpose of norms in the classroom is to maintain routine, enable effective learning, manage interpersonal relationships, and guide interactions with teachers and school authorities.
What are the different types of norms?
Norms can be formal/explicit or informal/implicit, fixed/static or dynamic/flexible, and strong or weak.
What does ‘conformity’ mean in the context of classroom norms?
Conformity is the degree to which group participants follow norms. It can stem from genuine belief in the norm’s value or the need to fit in.
According to French and Raven (1959), what are the bases of social power?
The bases of social power are reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, expert power, and information power.
What is reward power?
Reward power is the ability to provide positive consequences or remove negative ones.
What is coercive power?
Coercive power is the ability to punish those who do not conform to demands.
What is legitimate power?
Legitimate power is the right to prescribe behavior and control others due to a position of responsibility.
What is referent power?
Referent power comes from admiration, respect, and identification with the leader.
What is expert power?
Expert power comes from possessing distinctive knowledge, expertise, or skills that others need.
What is information power?
Information power comes from controlling needed or wanted information.
What are the three leadership styles identified by Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939)?
The three leadership styles are authoritarian/autocratic, democratic/participatory, and laissez-faire/let do.
How does an authoritarian leader behave?
An authoritarian leader tells the group what to do without much explanation, takes no input from the members, often criticizes, and emphasizes authority.
How does a democratic leader behave?
A democratic leader ensures all activities are discussed by the group, lets the group make decisions with guidance, and encourages an egalitarian atmosphere.
How does a laissez-faire leader behave?
A laissez-faire leader allows the group to work as they wish, rarely intervenes, and primarily acts as a source of technical information.
Which leadership style is most effective for maintaining a balance between productivity and group satisfaction?
Democratic leadership is the most effective for balancing productivity and group satisfaction.
What are the three dimensions of social status in the classroom, according to Hargreaves (1975)?
The three dimensions are popularity, social power, and prestige.
What is ‘sociometry’?
Sociometry is a method of asking students to reconstruct the social structure of a classroom based on their reports. It focuses on measuring children’s emotional reactions to others: attraction and rejection.
What are the four distinct types of students identified through sociometric measurements?
The four types are popular, rejected, neglected, and controversial.
What is ‘classroom climate’?
Classroom climate is the psycho/social/emotional and organizational state of the classroom. It reflects students’ overall satisfaction, atmosphere and harmony.
