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Lifespan > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are montgomery’s glands

A

Small elevated sebaceous glands
—secrete protective lipid material during lactation

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2
Q

Breast tissue is composed of….

A

Glandular tissue
Fibrous tissue
Adipose tissue

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3
Q

Glandular tissue contains____ eradicating from nipple

A

15 to 20 lobes

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4
Q

What are cooper’s ligaments

A

Fibrous bands extending vertically from surface to attach on chest wall muscles

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5
Q

Lobes are ____ in adipose tissue

A

Lobes are embedded in adipose tissue

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6
Q

What are the five quadrants of the breast

A

Upper inner quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
Upper outer quadrant
Lower other quadrant
Axillary tail for Spence

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7
Q

What is gestational hypertension

A

Developed in 2nd trimester
Consistent 140/90

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8
Q

What are the four groups of axillary nodes are present?

A

Central axillary nodes
Pectoral (anterior)
Subscapular(posterior)
Lateral

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9
Q

From the central axillary nodes, Drainage flows up to ______ and ______ nodes

A

From the central axillary nodes, drainage flows up to infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes

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10
Q

What is Gynexomastia

A

Male breasts (benign growth of tissue)
Causes testosterone decreases
Smooth, form, easily movable

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11
Q

When should one get a mammogram?

A

Age 40 —should be offered
Start 45-54 yearly
55and above—every 2 years

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12
Q

What are some changes in contour/size/ firmness of menopause

A

Decrease estrogen= deceased firmness in breast tissue, decrease size

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13
Q

T/F breast cancer is second major cause of death from cancer in women

A

T

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14
Q

Describe the anatomy of the breast

A

Composed of glandular tissue, fibrous tissue, including the suspensory ligaments, and adipose tissue

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15
Q

What development of a female breast normal for an older adult

A

Elastic tissue/connective tissue degrades

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16
Q

Define gynecomastia

A

An enlargement of a male breast tissue. Smooth firm, moveable disc, normal during puberty

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17
Q

What age should a woman have annual mammogram

A

45 years, woman should have an annual mammogram
Offered from 40-44

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18
Q

What are some risk factors that increase the usual risk for breast cancer

A

65 years and Oder
Alcohol consumption
Excess body weight
Late menopause
Never breastfed a child

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19
Q

You are presenting the internal anatomy of the breast for a community health care clinic. Which of the following are accurate points to include. SATA
A. The bulk of the breast is mainly pectoral is muscle tissue
B the fibrous connective tissue extends from inside the breast skin surface toward the chest wall muscles
C the breast tissue slopes upward into the axillary
D most lymphatic drainage of the breast flows inward to deeper chest lymph ducts

A

BC

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20
Q

A 13 year old girl presents to your clinic for a school physical exam. She asks you why her breasts dont match in size. What is the best response

A

One breast may temporarily grow faster than the other during development

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21
Q

When teaching the breast self-exam, you would inform the woman that the best time to conduct breast self exam is…

A

On the 4th to 7th days of the cycle

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22
Q

You are providing health promotion for a 50 year old woman. What is the current recommendation for women aged 45 to 54 years of age for screening mammography
A. Opportunity to begin mammograms at age 55
B mammogram now and every 2 years
C annual mammogram
D only baseline exam needed unless the woman has symptoms

A

C

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23
Q

You are inspecting an adult woman’s breasts for retraction signs. Her best position is…a

A

Sitting with hands pushing onto hips

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24
Q

The biannual technique is your preferred approach for a woman:
A who is pregnant
B who is having the first breast exam
C with large pendulous breasts
D who has felt a change in breast during self exam

A

C

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25
Q

During the exam of a 70 year old man you note gynecomastia. Your best action is to:
A request a breast biopsy
B request a mammogram
C review the medication for drugs that have gynecomastia as a side effect
D proceed with the exam: normal part of aging

A

C

26
Q

A 57 year old woman present to your clinic for a health check up, having deferred any health care visits for 1.5 years. During breast exam, you palpate a 2cm firm mass with irregular edges, What is your next action
A request a breast biopsy
B request a mammogram
C review her medication list for drugs that cause breast lumps
D proceed with the examination; this is a common finding in a menopausal woman

A

B

27
Q

You are teaching a 34 year old woman who is 2 months pregnant what common beast changes to expect. SATA
A the areolae become darker brown
B nipple retraction
C able to express breast milk after 2 months
D blue vascular pattern over both breasts

A

AD

28
Q

You have examined the following women during one shift. Which ones should you refer for further evaluation. SATA
A 28 yo with multiple distinct nodules palpated in each breast
B 48 o who has 6 months history of reddened and sore left nipple and areolar area
C a 22 yo with asymmetric breasts and inversion of nipples since adolescence
D 64 yo with an ulcerated area at the tip of the right nipple, no masses, tenderness, or enlarged lymph nodes present

A

ABD

29
Q

You are examining a 10 year old girl for a sports physical. What is the first physical change associated with puberty in girls. SATA
A beasts enlarged and areolae enlarged over breasts
B a small mound of breast tissue develops under the nipple
C height spurt
D pubic hair development

A

BD

30
Q

During the exam of a 30 year old woman, she asks about a large mole below her left breast, After inspecting a 1cm circular booth area with a central bump, what is your response

A

This is common finding of an extra undeveloped nipple

31
Q

You visit the home of a 35 year old other with her first baby. 2 days postpartum. She has a tender thickening in one breast with the overlying skin reddened and tender. She has fatigue but no fever. What teaching would you give? SATA
A nurse the baby on the affected side first at each nursing
B nurse the baby frequently to jeep the breast as empty as possible
C this condition is common when you and the baby are both learning to nurse
D i will request an antibiotic for you that will not harm the baby

A

ABC

32
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

Functions as an endocrine organ and produces several hormones that help in growth and maintence of fetus as well as direct changes in women’s body to prepare for birth and lactation

33
Q

Using Nagele rule, calculate the estimated date of delivery if the LMP is august 22

A

LMP= august 22, add 7 days then subtract 3 months.
EDD may 29

34
Q

Define presumptive examples as a sign of pregnancy

A

Woman experiencing amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea, fatigue, increased urinary frequency

35
Q

What are probably examples for signs of pregnancy

A

Detected by examiner such as enlarged uterus

36
Q

What are positive examples of signs of pregnancy

A

Direct evidence of fetus, auscultation of fetal heart tones

37
Q

How early can a blood hCG level be detected

A

8-11 days after conception

38
Q

What are physiological changes in first trimester

A

Breast tingling and tenderness, nausea and vomiting

39
Q

What are physiological changes during second trimester

A

Enlargement of breast, nipped darken, dizziness

40
Q

What are physiological changes during third trimester

A

Increased blood volume, diaphragm to rise, rib cage widens

41
Q

What are major concerns for teenage pregnancy

A

Medical risks—inadequate nutrition, substance abuse, STI
Psychosocial—poverty, failure of independence

42
Q

List three risks factors concerning pregnant people over 35 years old

A

Congenital anomalies
Medical complications
Risk for maternal risk

43
Q

T/F a person who has had a classic uterine incision is a good candidate for a VBAC

A

F

44
Q

T/F a person who is pregnant for the first time is called primipara

A

F

45
Q

T/F the fetal period begins after the 9th gestation week

A

T

46
Q

T/F preeclampsia is even only in the third trimester of pregnancy

A

F

47
Q

T/F vaginal bleeding in pregnancy always indicates a miscarriage

A

F

48
Q

T/F cervical incompetence is always accompanied by painful contractions

A

F

49
Q

What are the symptoms of preeclampsia

A

Hypertension and proteinuria

50
Q

During pregnancy the body undergoes a number of normal physiological changes to support the growing fetus. Identify normal skin changes that may occur during pregnancy. SATA
A vascular spiders
B scars along easily accessed veins
C facial edema
D butterfly shaped pigmentation of the face
E hyperpigmentation line down the abdomen
F nevi that darken during pregnancy

A

ADE

51
Q

You are caring for a 5 day old infant who was admitted to the NICE in the immediate postpartum period for unstable temp. feeding difficulty, seizures. The infant’s mother is 21 with 3 year history of opioid prescription abuse and a 1 year history of heroin use. Given your knowledge of opioid use in pregnancy, you know that…

A

The infant is likely suffering form neonatal abstinence syndrome due to withdrawal

52
Q

Match the following as presumptive, probable, or positive signs of pregnancy
Amenorrhea
Enlarged uterus
Fatigue
FHTs
Nausea
Breast tenderness
Cardiac activity on US

A

Amenorrhea—presumptive
Enlarged uterus— probable
Fatigue—presumptive
FHTs—positive
Nausea—presumptive
Breast tenderness—presumptive
Cardiac activity on US—positive

53
Q

Is proteinuria a required diagnosis for preeclampsia

A

No

54
Q

What is a serous variant of preeclampsia

A

HELLP

55
Q

The pt delivers a baby after 6 hours of labor. Three hours after delivery, you notice significant bleeding soaking one pad every 15 minutes and estimate the total blood loss to be greater than 1000ml though the peripartum period. What do you do next

A

Identify that the patient is having a PPH. Begin more frequent uterine massage and contact the provider immediately so that appropriate interventions can begin

56
Q

Identify the following as physiological or pathologic
Mammary souffle
Purulent nipple discharge
Diastolic murmur 2/6
Breast enlargement
Decreased cardiac output
Blood volume increase by 45%
Slight hemodilution
Increase pulse

A

Mammary souffle— physiologic
Purulent nipple discharge —pathologic
Diastolic murmur 2/6 —pathologic
Breast enlargement —physiologic
Decreased cardiac output —pathologic
Blood volume increase by 45%—physiologic
Slight hemodilution —physiologic
Increase pulse —physiologic

57
Q

What is a person called who is pregnant for the first time?

A

Primigravida

58
Q

What is the person called after delivery

A

Primipara

59
Q

What is a person who has been pregnant before? And what are they called after delivery

A

Multigravida
Multiparty

60
Q

What is Linea nigra

A

The midline of the abdominal skin becomes pigmented when pregnant

61
Q

Define PUPP

A

Pruitic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
It is the most common pruritic skin rash during pregnancy, more common in whites.

Lifespan (5 decks)

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