Unit 5

Question 1

S - Orbital

Answer 1

circular orbital and any point can be found on it’s rotation

1s, 2s, 3s

Question 2

P - Orbital

Answer 2

infinity orbital and point can be found on 3 rotations

Px, Py, Pz

Question 3

Electron Configuration

Answer 3

Al = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1

Question 4

Orbital diagram

Answer 4

stepping image with places of electron

Question 5

number of spaces in each level

Answer 5

s = 1
p = 3
d = 5
f = 7

Question 6

Ions and Electron Configuration

Answer 6

removing electron: (+3) remove from highest energy level

adding electron: (-3) add to energy level in order

Question 7

Valence electron

Answer 7

highest energy level

Ni: valence electron = 4s^2

Cl: valence electron = 3s^2 3p^5

Question 8

electron magnetic radiation spectrum

Answer 8

radio: 1000 - 0.1 m
F.M - frequency modulation
A.M - amplitude modulation

microwaves: 0.1 - 0.001 m

infrared: 10^-5 - 10^-6 m
heat lamps
can burn / can not be seen
low energy

visible light:
ROYGBIV
red light: 700 * 10^-9
violate light: 400 * 10^-9

ultra-violate (UV): 10^-10 - 10^-11
black lights
can not be seen

X-rays: -10^-11
x-ray machines

gamma rays: 10^-11 - 10^-12
damaging, and fatal

Question 9

frequency
amplitude

Answer 9

frequency: how many times does the wave go up and down

amplitude: how tall the wave is

Question 10

atomic radius: how big is an atom

Answer 10

more positive charge will attract more negative charge;
more protons = more electrons
higher attractive force = tighter held subatomic particles

radius increases top - bottom; right - left

*rows come before groups in terms of size comparison

Question 11

ionization energy: energy needed to remove e-

Answer 11

opposite of atomic radius

small atoms = a lot of energy
big atoms = little energy

increases bottom - top; left - right

Question 12

metallic character: how metal is an atom?

Answer 12

further from the staircase = more metallic

increases right - left; top - bottom

Question 13

Electro Negativity: how much does atom “a” hold of atom “b”’s electrons?

Answer 13

a difference in atoms pull

increases left - right; bottom - top

Question 14

Ionic and Covalent bond

Answer 14

Ionic: one atom pulled to another’s electrons

covalent: one atom pulls slowly, connecting the two

Question 15

formulas

Answer 15

c = λ ν
c = speed of light (3 * 10^8)
λ = wavelength
ν = frequency

E = hv
e = energy
h = plank constant (6.616 * 10^-34 J/s)
v = frequency

E = hc / λ
e = energy
h = plank constant (6.616 * 10^-34 J/s)
c = speed of light (3 * 10^8)
λ = wavelength

Question 16

absorbtion and emissiom

Answer 16

When an atom, ion, or molecule moves from a lower-energy state to a higher-energy state it absorbs photons with energies equal to the difference in energy between the two states. The result is an absorbance spectrum that shows the intensity of emission as a function of wavelength.

Question 17

trends

Answer 17

Major periodic trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, valency and metallic character.