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IB Chemistry > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Compound

A

Pure substance composed of TWO or more different elements and has a formula.
Net charge of ZERO.

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2
Q

How to WRITE formulas for Ionic salts (non-trans + non-metal)?

A
  1. Write symbol for the metal.
  2. Write the symbol for the non-metal.
  3. Determine charges for both.
  4. Multiply as necessary so the charges cancel out.
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3
Q

How to WRITE formulas for Ionic Salts (trans + non-metal)?

A
  1. Write the symbols for the metal + non-metal.
  2. Write down the charge of the non-metal.
  3. Determine the charge of the metal (given by the roman numeral.)
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4
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

a group of atoms that work together as a single unit.
Has its own name and charge.

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5
Q

NH4

A

Ammonium
Charge: +1

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6
Q

HCO3

A

Hydrogen Carbonate (bicarbonate)
Charge: -1

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7
Q

CH3COO

A

Acetate
Charge: -1

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8
Q

NO2

A

Nitrite
Charge: -1

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9
Q

NO3

A

Nitrate
Charge: -1

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10
Q

HSO4

A

Hydrogen Sulfate
Charge: -1

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11
Q

OH

A

Hydroxide
Charge: -1

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12
Q

MnO4

A

Permanganate
Charge: -1

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13
Q

CN

A

Cyanide
Charge: -1

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14
Q

CO3

A

Carbonate
Charge: -2

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15
Q

SO3

A

Sulfite
Charge: -2

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16
Q

SO4

A

Sulfate
Charge: -2

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17
Q

PO4

A

Phosphate
Charge: -3

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18
Q

How to NAME formulas for Binary Salts (trans + non-metal)?

A
  1. Write the name of the transition metal.
  2. Add a parenthesis.
  3. Write the name of the non-metal. Change ending to -ide.
  4. Determine the charge of the trans-metal.
    - Compound must equal ZERO.
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19
Q

How to NAME formulas for Ternary Salts (Polyatomics)?

A
  1. Name the metal or positive ion. (Remember roman numerals)
  2. Name the nonmetal or negative poly atomic ion.
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20
Q

How to WRITE formulas for Ternary Salts (Polyatomics)?

A
  1. Write the symbol for the cation (the metal or ammonium)
  2. Write the symbol for the anion (the non-metal or neg. poly)
  3. Multiply as necessary, if more than 1 poly is needed put parenthesis.
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21
Q

Covalent compounds

A

Contains ONLY non-metals.
Share electrons.

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22
Q

How to write formulas for covalent compounds?

A

Prefixes tell how many atoms of each element are present.

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23
Q

Mono

A

1

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24
Q

Di

A

2

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25
Q

Tri

A

3

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26
Q

Tetra

A

4

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27
Q

Penta

A

5

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28
Q

Hexa

29
Q

Hepta

30
Q

Octa

31
Q

Nona

32
Q

Deca

33
Q

How to name covalent compounds?

A
  1. Write the complete name of the first element and use a prefix only if there is more than one atom present.
  2. Write the second element with an -ide and ALWAYS use a prefix.
34
Q

Alkanes

A

Hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) chains where all the bonds between barons are single bonds.

35
Q

Meth

36
Q

Eth

37
Q

Prop

38
Q

Pent

38
Q

But

38
Q

Hept

38
Q

Hex

38
Q

Dec

38
Q

Oct

38
Q

Non

38
Q

Parent chain

A

The longest string of carbons.

39
Q

Side chain, where is it written?

A

branches of carbon off of the parent chain. In front of the parent chain’s name. Must include the number (of the parent chain) that the side chain starts at in front of the side chain name with a dash. ex: 3-methyl

40
Q

What is the ending for side chains?

41
Q

Where do you begin numbering the parent chain?

A

The lowest numer possible to the side chain.

42
Q

Di

A

2 of the same type of side chain.

43
Q

Tri

A

3 of the same type of side chain.

44
Q

Postion numbers, what happens if there are multiple? (Repeated numbers included)

A

Separated by commas.

45
Q

2,2-dimethylbutane
(explain each and what they mean)

A

2,2 = Postion of the side chains. Both are at the second carbon of the parent chain.
dimethyl = There are TWO (di), one carbon (methyl) side chains.
butane = A four carbon parent chain.

46
Q

3-ethylhexane
(explain each and what they mean)

A

3 = Position of the side chain. There is only one side chain here.
ethyl = There is ONE, two carbon side chain.
hexane = A six carbon parent chain.

47
Q

Ionic salts

A

Non-transition metal and non-metal.

48
Q

Binary Salts

A

Transition metal and non-metal.

49
Q

Ternary Salts

A

Polyatomics and any.

50
Q

4-ethyl-2-methylheptane
(explain each and what they mean)

A

4 = Position of this side chain.
ethyl = There is ONE, two carbon side chain.
2 = The position of this side chain.
methyl = There is ONE, one carbon side chain.
heptane = A seven carbon parent chain.

Different side chain names connected by dashes with the postion of the type of side chain with corresponding one.

51
Q

In what order do you name side chains?

A

Alphabetical order (excluding the prefix).

52
Q

F

53
Q

Cl

54
Q

Br

55
Q

I

56
Q

In a TIE between numbering, which one gets the priority? Halogens or side chain CH?

A

Halogens get the lower number.

57
Q

In a TIE between numbering halogens, which one get priority?

A

The halogen that is first alphabetically. B > C

58
Q

Alkenes?

A

Double bond parent chain. Ending of the parent chains changes from ANE to ENE. Remember to put placements of where the double bonds start.

59
Q

Alkynes?

A

Triple bond parent chain. Ending of the parent chains changes from ANE to YNE.
Remember to put the placements of where the double bonds start.

60
Q

Alcohols?

A

Parent chain has a hydroxide (-OH). Ending of the parent chains changes from ANE to OL.

61
Q

Cyclo / hydrocarbons?

A

Parent chain remains as ANE, add ‘cyclo’ in front of the parent chain name and before

IB Chemistry (5 decks)

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