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**Chemistry Unit 5 > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

definition : wavelength λ

l

A

length between the peaks or roughs of the wave

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2
Q

definition: frequency (v)

A

number of times a wave passes through a certain point in a second

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3
Q

relationship between wavelength, energy, and frequency

A

wavelength in INVERSE of energy & frequency

higher wavelenght = less energy and less frequency (lower wavelength = m

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4
Q

(electromagnetic) n stands for:

A

energy level

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5
Q

(electromagnetic) another name for n

A

principal quantum energy

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6
Q

relationship between n and stability

A

inverse

as energy level goes up, stabiltiy goes down

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7
Q

What are the sublevels of N=1

A

1S

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8
Q

What are the sublevels of N=2

A

2 S
2 P

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9
Q

What are the sublevels of N=3

A

3S
3P
3D

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10
Q

How many electrons does S hold?
orbitals?

A

2 electrons
1 orbital

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11
Q

How many electrons does P hold? orbitals?

A

6 electrons
3 orbitals

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12
Q

How many electrons does D hold? orbitals?

A

10 electrons
5 orbitals

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13
Q

S shape

A

sphere

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14
Q

P shape

A

dumbell

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

D shape

A

flowerlike

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17
Q

How do you find n on the period table?

electromagnetic

A

go down the rows “periods”

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18
Q

How do you find sublevels on the periodic table?

electromanetic

A

Use the family groups
1-2 (AND He) = S
transition metals = D
3-8 = P

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19
Q

What elements belong to sublevel S?

A

Group 1 - 2
He

20
Q

What elements belong to sublevel d?

A

transition metals

21
Q

What elements belong to sublevel P?

A

group 3-8
NOT He

22
Q

Bohr

A

study of hydrogen
-beleived electrons exist in specific regions distanced from the nucleus

23
Q

pauli exclusion principle

A

an atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons, which must have opposite spins

24
Q

steps for full electron configuration (5)

A
  1. find element
  2. start at H & go up by atomic number
  3. n+sublevel + electrons
  4. D (n-1)
  5. cross check? do the superscripts add up to the atomic number of electron?
25
Q

steps for full noble gas shortcut (4)

A
  1. locate element
  2. find noble gas BEFORE element
  3. write the noble gas in brackets
  4. continue as normal (from noble gas)
26
Q

other name of noble gas shortcut

A

valence shell method/shortcut

27
Q

steps for full electron configurations of IONS

A
  1. identify as ion
  2. write out symbol & charge
  3. write out neutral configuration
  4. IF CATION —> subtract that amount from end IF ANION—> add that amount to end
  5. cross check? you should be at a noble gas
28
Q

what is valence shell?

A

outermost shell

29
Q

Aufbau principle

A

you must fill lower n before proceeding to the next

30
Q

steps to draw out atomic orbital diagram

A
  1. write out the netrual configuration
  2. rewrite with space in between for boxes (NO superscripts)
  3. draw 1 box per (2) on the superscript
  4. fill in with arrows going up - all the way across (1 p box) (based on each superscript)
  5. if more electrons –> go back and do arrows down (1 p box as well)
31
Q

periodic table trend: atomic radius

A
  • down a group = increases
  • moving to the right = decreases
32
Q

period table trend: inozation energy

A
  • down a group = decreases
  • moving to the right = increase
33
Q

period table trend: electronegativity

A
  • down a group = decreases
  • moving to the right = increase
34
Q

How to identify valence electrons using periodic table?

A

use the group #
H = 2

35
Q

how to draw lewis structures of atoms

A
  1. write atom (as in periodic)
  2. identify # of valence electrons
  3. put valence electrons around it
36
Q

lewis structure quantity rules (3)

A
  1. no more than 8 total per atom
  2. no more than 2 on each side of atoms(single)
  3. in compounds, main group elements–> should have 8 total
37
Q

how do you write ionic compound (lewis structure) 7 steps

A
  1. write out elements and their valence electrons
  2. draw a dot for each valence electron (seperate)
  3. find who gives to who to complete* (2 on each side)
  4. elements go in brackets,
  5. who ever gives away an electron has a # + subscript
  6. who ever takes an electron has a # - subscript
  7. draw electrons where they apply
  8. IF need more than 1 of an element is needed to complete another –> add coefficient
38
Q

How do you identify covalent bonds?

A

Non metal + non metal

39
Q

ALL covalent bonds ___

A

has at least one pair of SHARED electrons between atoms

40
Q

define polar covalent bonds:

A

not equal electrons on each atpm

41
Q

define NONpolar covalent bonds:

A

equal electrons on each side

41
Q

If electronegativty difference = 0
it means it is a _____

A

nonpolar covalent bond

42
Q

If electronegativty difference > 2
it means it is a _____

A

ionic bond

43
Q

If electronegativty difference < 2
it means it is a _____

A

polar bond

44
Q

steps to creating lewis structure of compounds

A
  1. find total valence of compound sby adding each
  2. draw skeletal arrangement (C is usually in the middle OR the 1st atom)
  3. draw single bonds
  4. add to outer atoms
  5. check for stability (8e-) and right valence sum
  6. edit as needed to find stability & correct sum

**Chemistry Unit 5 (1 decks)

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