unit 5 Flashcards
be secure in food duhhhh
Food Security
When all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Salinsation
An increase in salt content, usually of agricultural soils, irrigation water, or drinking water.
Overcropping
Nutrient deficient soils due to crops being continuously grown on them.
Monoculture crops
The cultivation of a single crop in an area.
Subsistence farmer
When a farmer grows food for their family and not to sell at the market.
biofuel
A fuel derived from biomass (plant or algal material, or animal waste).
food aid
Help given to a country or region suffering from food insecurity.
Homogeneous
Describing things of the same kind, e.g. the crops being produced by a farmer may be all of the same kind.
Malnutrition
Lack of adequate nutrition, caused by not having a balanced diet, or enough to eat.
Starvation
Suffering or death caused by lack of food.
Famine
The extreme scarcity of food.
Genetically modified crops
Foods derived from organisms in which DNA has been changed by humans.
Selective breeding
When humans grow plants and animals for specific characteristics, e.g. high yields or drought tolerance.
Irrigation
The supply of water to land or crops to help plants grow.
Fertilizer
A chemical or natural product that can be added to soils to increase the nutrients available for plants.
Herbicides and fungicides
Chemicals used to control insects, unwanted plants and fungi in commercial food crops.
Hydroponics
The growth of plants without soil. Instead, plants are grown in nutrient-rich water.
Aquaponics
A soil-free farming system that uses the waste produced by aquatic organisms to supply nutrients to plants being grown hydroponically.
Intensive farming
A system of farming that uses large amounts of investment and labor relative to the area of land being farmed.
Extensive Farming
A system of farming that uses a small amount of labour and capital investment relative to the area of land being farmed.
Stockpiling
To store large amounts of goods or materials, in this instance food stores.
Rationing
To limit the amount of food each person or family is allowed to purchase.
Renewable Resources
Any source of energy that can be naturally and quickly replenished. eg: wind and solar.
Hydroelectric power (HEP)
Electricity that is generated using the energy of flowing water.
Solar Power
Electricity that is generated by utilizing the energy of the sun.
Wind Energy
Electricity that is generated using the power of wind.
Wave and Tidal Energy
Electricity that is generated using the energy of waves or the tides.
Bioethanol
An alcohol produced from plant matter such as sugar cane or maize which can be used as an alternative to petrol.
Biogas
A gas such as methane that can be used as a fuel and is produced by fermenting organic matter.
Geothermal Energy
Energy generated from the heat under the surface of the Earth.
Non-renewable resources
Resources that will run out and not be replenished for millions of years, for example oil, gas and coal.
Nuclear Power
Nuclear power uses radioactive materials such as uranium or plutonium. These materials undergo reactions and power is produced form the energy released.
Energy Security
The reliable availability of energy sources at an affordable price with a consideration of the environmental impacts.
Long term energy security
The supply of energy that is in line with economic developments and environmental needs.
Short term energy security
Systems that react promptly to sudden changes in the supply-demand balence.
Hazardous Waste
Waste that has properties which make it dangerous or capable of harming the environment or human health.
Waste Stream
The flow of specific types of waste from their source through to recovery, recycling or disposal.
Recycling
The action or process of converting waste into reusable material. For example, glass is melted down and reused to from a new product.
Landfill
A place where waste is disposed of by burying it.
Leachate
A typically acidic fluid that has filtered through the waste in landfills; leaching results in the fluid becoming contaminated with heavy metals, toxic chemicals and biological waste.
Incineration
The process of burning materials.
E-waste
Electronic waste.
Bioaccumulation
The buildup of a toxin in the body of an organism.
Biomagnification
The buildup of a toxin in a food chain, e.g. the concentration of mercury increases up the food chain as each consumer eats organisms that have mercury in their tissues.
Microplastics
Extremely small pieces of plastic waste in the environment. This results from discarded plastic breaking down into very small fragments.
Composting
Decomposition of biotic/organic material that can be used as a fertilizer for plant growth.
Fermentation
The chemical breakdown of substances by yeast or bacteria anaerobically to create an alcohol and biogas.
