unit 5 Flashcards
Absolute Monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a government where a king or queen has all the power. They can make decisions without asking anyone else, and people believe their authority comes from a higher power, like a divine right to rule.
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a time in the 1500s and 1600s when people changed the way they thought about the world. They started using experiments and observations to understand things, like how the Earth moves and what makes plants grow. This period set the stage for modern science.
Enlightenment
A period in Europe in the 1700s where thinkers questioned the role of government and people. During this time, people valued reason, individual rights, and questioned authority. They believed in things like freedom, fairness, and the pursuit of happiness. They believed that democracy was the best form of government.
Social Contract
This is an Enlightenment idea that says rights are not unlimited. People in any government agree to follow rules and give up some freedoms in exchange for the government’s protection and benefits. An example of this is the limits on people’s freedom of speech.
Consent of the Governed
This is the idea that the government only has power because the people agree to let it make decisions. If the people don’t like what the government is doing, they can attempt to change them. For example, people can vote out a political official in a democratic government who they don’t agree with.
Natural Rights
Natural rights are rights everyone should have, just because they’re human. Things like the right to live, be free, and own property. These are basic rights that no one should take away.
John Locke
John Locke was one of the first Enlightenment thinkers in the 1600s. He wrote about how everyone should have rights and that the government’s job is to protect those rights. He wrote about that there are three natural rights of life, liberty and property.
Separation of Powers
The principle of separating powers within a government entails distributing authority among distinct branches, such as the legislative, executive, and judicial, to prevent the concentration of power in a single entity. This division is designed to enhance checks and balances, mitigating the risk of unchecked authority and potential abuse
Simon Bolivar
Widely known as “The Liberator,” Simon Bolivar played a crucial role in the Latin American struggle for independence from Spanish colonial dominance. His military and political endeavors led to the liberation of several South American nations, reflecting the broader impact of Enlightenment ideals on the quest for self-determination.
Chattel Slavery in Haiti
Chattel slavery in Haiti refers to the dehumanizing system where individuals were treated as property. The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a landmark event that not only challenged this oppressive institution but also resulted in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent Black republic, marking a significant milestone in the global fight against slavery and colonialism.
Toussaint LOuverture
Toussaint L’Ouverture was a pivotal figure in the Haitian Revolution, showcasing exceptional military strategy and leadership. His efforts contributed significantly to Haiti gaining independence from French colonial rule, marking a transformative moment in the history of anti-colonial movements.
Nationalism
Nationalism is a powerful sentiment where individuals identify with and take pride in their nation, often leading to a strong sense of unity and loyalty. It played a significant role in shaping the course of history, influencing movements for independence and the formation of nation-states in the 19th and 20th centuries
1st vs 2nd Industrial Revolution
The 1st Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th century) marked the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized societies, driven by inventions like the steam engine. The 2nd Industrial Revolution (late 19th to early 20th century) brought innovations such as electricity and the assembly line, transforming production processes and leading to increased urbanization
Factory System
The factory system emerged during the Industrial Revolution, involving the mass production of goods in centralized locations using machines and a division of labor. Factories became hubs of industrial activity, contributing to economic growth but also raising concerns about labor conditions and workers’ rights
Specialization of Labor
Specialization of labor refers to the division of tasks within a workforce, where individuals focus on specific roles or skills. This concept became prominent during the Industrial Revolution as factories adopted assembly lines, enabling increased efficiency but also leading to a more fragmented and repetitive work environment.
