Unit 5 Flashcards
Minimized fatality risk by wearing PFDs
Approx. 70% of boating fatalities are drownings that could’ve been avoided. 90% of drowning victims aren’t wearing a life jacket
Typical boating fatalities
Someone not wearing a PFD falls overboard and drowns, a vessel capsizes and someone drowns, or a vessel strikes another vessel or fixed object and the occupants drown due to injury or are fatally injured
Consider inflatable PFDs
Type 3: inflatable. Some inflate when in the water, others require to pull a cord. Approved for only ages 16 and older and are not to be worn on PWCs or while water skiing. Read operating instructions and approval label before you choose your PFD
Reach, throw, row, or go
If a victim falls in you should try to talk the victim to safety
Capsizing
When a boat turns on its side or turns over completely
Swamping
Occurs when a boat stays up right and fills with water
If your boat sinks or floats away
Swimming to shore should be considered only as a last resort
If someone falls overboard
Pass the victim a PDF. Turn your boat around and slowly pull alongside the victim. Stop the engine. Pull the victim on board over the stern keeping the weight in the boat balanced
Preventing a fire
Don’t mix fuel oxygen and heat
If a fire in the erupts on your boat
If the fire is at the back of the boat head into the wind. If the fires at the front of the boat put the Stern into the wind.
How to use a fire extinguisher
PASS
Coldwater immersion four stages
- Initial “cold shock” first 3-5 minutes
- Short term “swim-failure” 3-30 minutes
- Long-term immersion hypothermia after 30 minuted
- Post-immersion collapse, during or after rescue
HELP and huddle positions
H- heat
E- escape
L- lessening
P- posture
Symptoms of hypothermia
- Shivering, slurred speech, blurred vision
- Bluish lips and fingernails
- Loss of feeling in extremities
- Cold, bluish skin
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Rigidity in extremities
- Unconsciousness
- Coma
- Death
CO Situations
Slow speed or idling causes carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin, cockpit, and rear deck
CO Situations
Station wagon effect causes carbon monoxide to accumulate inside the cabin and cockpit if you are operating the vessel at a high bow angle
CO Situations
Blocked exhaust outlets can cause carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin and cockpit area
CO Situations
Another vessels exhaust that is alongside can emit carbon monoxide into the cabin and cockpit of your vessel. Your vessel should be at least 20 feet from a vessel that is running A generator or engine
How to respond to injuries
Shock: keep the victim warm and still and in a lying down position until medical attention arrives. Elevate defeat several inches except in cases of head injury or hypothermia
How to respond to injuries
Bleeding: apply direct pressure to the wound. If it is serious apply a dressing, maintain direct pressure, and seek medical attention
How to respond to injuries
Burns: Idiot replace minor burns in cold water and apply a dry bandage after pain subsides. Seek medical attention for more severe burns
How to respond to injuries
Broken bones: seek medical assistance immediately for broken and dislocated bounds. Apply temporary splints with care, lack of a splint can lead to hemorrhage, shock, or death
How to respond to injuries
Head, neck, or spinal injury: never move a victim more than is absolutely necessary. The water can provide excellent support until medical personnel arrive. If a victim must be moved, place him or her gently on a firm, full-length support
First aid kit
Should include: assorted gauze adhesive bandages and pads, cotton and cotton swabs, scissors, antiseptic medications and lotions, aspirin or aspirin substitute, latex gloves, and an extra towel
Bailing
To remove water by skipping it out with a bucket
Weather warning display signals
Small craft advisory- winds range from 21 to 33 knots (24-38 mph) red triangle, red white light
Gale warning- winds range from 34-47 knots (39-54 mph) two red triangles, white red light
Storm warning- winds are 48 knots (55 mph) and above. Black and red square flag, red red light
Hurricane warning- winds are 64 knots (74 mph) and above. Displayed with two red and black squares, red white re light
What you need on board to summon help
Visual distress signals, VHF marine radio, mobile phone, emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB)
VHF radio
Channel 16- calling and distress channel, should not be used for conversation or radio checks
Channel 68 or 69- can be used to make contact with another boat
Issuing a MAYDAY call
- Repeat MAYDAY 3 times
- Say “This is (name of boat 3 times, call letters once).”
- Report MAYDAY once more and your vessels name
- Report your location
- Report nature of your emergency
- Report kind of assistance needed
- Report # of ppl on board and condition if any injured
- Describe vessel and seaworthiness
- Wait for response, repeat again if there isnt one
VHF Marine radio channels
6: internship safety communications
9: Communications between vessels, and ship to coast
13: for navigational purposes by commercial, military, and recreational vessels at bridges, locks, and harbors
16: distressed and safety calls to coast guard and others, to initiate calls to other vessels. Often called “hailing” channel
22: Communications between Coast Guard and the maritime public. Severe weather warnings, hazards to navigation, and other safety warnings are broadcasted on this channel
24-28: public telephone calls (to Marine operator)
68, 69, 71: recreational vessel radio channels
70: alert channel
