unit 5 Flashcards
what was the main method of transportation and why?
railroads, they were an efficient way to move goods
what is industrialization?
the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale
what were the 5 main reasons for industrialization?
it improved farming methods, the population grew, there was more money, plentiful natural resources, and a good trade market
what were the main locations of industrialization?
Europe and North America
how did industrialization affect these countries?
it increased population, it increased jobs and employment, and more railroads and canals were built
what were the differences between the socioeconomic classes?
the industrial middle class was based off industrial capitalism, and the industrial working class worked in factories
what were the working conditions in factories?
harsh conditions, long hours, bad air, little to no breaks, child labor, little pay
what were some of the different types of industries?
meatpacking, textile, coal, and steel
what were the 4 social theories?
capitalism, communism, socialism, and utopianism
what is capitalism?
an economic and political system in which country’s trade and industry and controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by state
what is communism?
advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
what is socialism?
a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
what is utopianism?
the belief in or pursuit of a state in which everything is perfect, typically regarded as unrealistic or idealistic,
no evils in society where everyone can fulfill their dreams
what were the effects on home life?
women normally assisted husbands after their work was complete, women usually stayed at home to tend to children, work & home were viewed as separate “worlds”
what were the effects on society?
rise of new economic ideas, other effects were experienced on small and large scales, and a popular change was the shift from the cottage industries to factory work
what is standard of living?
level of material comfort, for people in industrialized countries improved
what were the technological advancements?
the automobile, the airplane, the telegraph, the lightbulb, the telephone, and the radio
who created the automobile?
henry ford
when was the automobile created?
1908
who created the airplane?
the wright brothers
when was the airplane created?
1903
who created the telegraph?
samuel morse
when was the telegraph created?
1837
who created the telephone?
alexander graham bell in 1876
What is Thomas Edison known for?
inventing the lightbulb in 1880
What are the Wright Brothers known for?
inventing the first airplane in 1903
What is Joseph Swann known for?
making the first prototype of the lightbulb using paper
What is Samuel Morse known for?
inventing the telegraph in 1837
What is Alexander Graham Bell known for?
inventing the telephone in 1876
What is Guglielmo Marconi known for?
invented the radio in 1895
Describe women’s education.
Women were only required to finish elementary school, and few colleges let women enroll. Women also took few math/science classes.
What were some leisure activities?
watching/playing sports, specifically rugby, american football, and baseball(especially during the civil war), and traveling with railroads
What is urbanization?
the growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
What was Chicago known for?
the meat-packing industry
What was New York known for?
Its electrical developments
What was Pittsburgh known for?
The steel industry
What was London known for?
London was one of the biggest examples of overcrowding, which caused things like smog.
Describe the Victorian Era.
A time of great change in Britain including
voting reforms that made country more democratic
What was the Reform Act of 1832?
It allowed industrial cities to have representation in parliament, and middle class men were allowed to vote.
Who was Micheal Sadler?
He helped pass the Factory Act of 1833 by showing the harsh environments that children worked in.
What was the Factory Act of 1833?
It set 9 years old as the minimum working age. It also said that children 9-13 could only work 9 hours a day, while children 13-18 could work 12 hours a day.
When did women get voting rights?
British women gained voting rights in 1928, Irish women gained equal voting rights in 1922, Canadian women got the right to vote in 1918, and women from New Zealand got the right to vote in 1893.
What were the Chartists?
A group of people who worked towards voting rights for everyone
What is suffrage?
The right to vote
What is nationalism?
A sense of pride/patriotism for your country.
What are the 5 elements of nationalism?
Culture, history, religion, territory, and language.
What is imperialism?
Extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
What are the reasons for imperialism?
Economic interest, political competition, and cultural motives.
What was the Berlin Conference?
A conference where the major European nations met to split up parts of Africa and colonize them.
Who was involved in the Berlin Conference?
All the major European nations.
When was the Berlin Conference?
1884-1885
What is Social Darwinism?
It states that some races are naturally superior to others, and it often showed discrimination.
What is the Suez Canal?
It was a canal that was built in 1869 that connected the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
What were the 4 nations involved in the African Resistance?
the Zulu, Ethiopia, French West Africa, and German East Africa
Describe the Zulu.
locations include zulu-land and cape town and london. key people were the leader shaka, king cetshwayo(exiled), and chelmsford.
Describe French West Africa.
locations include senegal, sudan, guinea, and niger. key people were charles de gavile and saye zerbo.
Describe Ethiopia.
locations include adwa and eritrea. key people were mencrick II, tayta betul, alfred ilg, and benito mussolini.
Describe German East Africa.
locations include tanzania, burundi, rwanda, and mozambique. key people were carl peters, and otto van bismarck.
