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AP Environmental Science > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Green Revolution?

A

The shift to different, more industrialized agricultural strategies including fertilizer use, irrigation, pesticides, and mechanization

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2
Q

What is tragedy of the commons?

A

The concept that resources free to public get overused and exploited because people are only considering there own self interest

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3
Q

How can you solve tragedy of the commons?

A

Make the resource privately owned, implement taxes/fees, or use legislation

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4
Q

What are consequences of clear-cutting?

A

soil erosion (from loss of stabilized root structure), increases temp., causes landslides/flooding, and lowers biodiversity

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5
Q

What is the slash & burn method?

A

Creating room for agriculture by cutting trees and burning them

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6
Q

What is a GMO?

A

Crops with new genes “spliced” into their genome

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7
Q

What are some pros and cons to GMOs?

A

Pros: higher yield and profit
Cons: decreases diversity

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8
Q

What are synthetic fertilizers?

A

Man made ammoniums, nitrate, and phosphate

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9
Q

What are pros and cons of synthetic fertilizers?

A

Pros: increases yield and profit
Cons: Run-off of nitrates and phosphates cause algal blooms

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10
Q

What is monocropping?

A

Growing only one species of plant every year in the same area

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11
Q

What are pros and cons of monocropping?

A

Pros: more efficient for pesticides, fertilizer, and harvesting
Cons: decreases biodiversity and causes erosion (from harvesting all at once)

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12
Q

What is tilling?

A

Mixing and breaking up the soil before planting

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13
Q

What are pros and cons of tilling?

A

Pros: makes planting easier
Cons: more erosion, loss of topsoil nutrients, and increased turbidity in nearby waters

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14
Q

What is furrow irrigation?

A

Cutting furrows between crops and filling with water, least efficient

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15
Q

What is flood irrigation

A

Flooding a field with water, 2nd least efficient (causes waterlogging)

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16
Q

What is spray irrigation?

A

Using spray nozzles to spray water onto a field, 2nd most efficient

17
Q

What is drip irrigation?

A

Uses special hoses to drip water into plant roots, most efficient

18
Q

What is waterlogging?

A

When soil gets over-saturated with water, leaving little room for air, stunting plant growth

19
Q

What is soil salinization?

A

Natural salts in groundwater left behind after evaporation builds up and dehydrates soil

20
Q

What is a pesticide treadmill?

A

The cycle of pesticides being used, pests becoming resistant, and new pesticides needing to be made

21
Q

What are pros and cons of CAFOs?

A

Pros: most efficient
Cons: only fed corn, given antibiotics, large waste accumulation contaminates nearby water sources, and produces much methane

22
Q

What is a manure lagoon?

A

Large, open storage pits for manure

23
Q

What is bottom trawling?

A

Using a net to catch fish, often catching unintended species as well

24
Q

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

A

Using a variety of pest control methods that are better for the environment

25
Q

What is included in IPM?

A

Biocontrol (natural predators), crop rotation (growing diff crops in the same area during diff seasons), and intercropping (growing diff crops in the same area)`

26
Q

What is contour plowing?

A

Plowing with the natural curves of the land

27
Q

What is terracing

A

Cutting flat, stair-like platforms into sloped land

28
Q

What are perennial crops?

A

Crops that live year long and have deep roots

29
Q

What are windbreaks?

A

When trees or other plants block the force of wind and prevent erosion

30
Q

What is no-till agriculture?

A

Not tilling and letting the leftover crop remains nurture the soil

31
Q

What is green manure?

A

The left over plant matter from a cover crop that helps soil fertility by stabilizing the soil with its roots

32
Q

What is limestone used for?

A

Limestone is a base that neutralizes acidic soil and improves soil fertility

33
Q

What is rotational grazing?

A

Rotating the livestock that graze an area to prevent overgrazing

34
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

Fish farming

35
Q

What are the pros and cons of fish farming?

A

Pros: requires small amounts of space
Cons: higher waste concentration, disease risks, invasive species, GMOs, and antibiotics that risk water contamination

36
Q

What is included in sustainable forestry?

A

Reforestation, selective cutting, recycling wood, IPM, and prescribed burns

AP Environmental Science (4 decks)

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