Unit 5 Flashcards
flow of quality drug product onto the market relies upon
controlled and consistent pharmaceutical
manufacturing practice
Diff activities and processes we do in manufacturing firm to ensure the quality of out material s an equipment while they are being manufactured
Manufacturing control
How to handle raw material
Material control
Process of systematic examination of quality "official inspection" carried by an internal/ external quality auditor
Quality audit
Manufacturers need to do to begine the manufacturing co troll
Audit
Determine which steps in the production line have most impact on the quality and consistency of the final product
Risk analysis
Failure in audit
Published publicly and result in dismissal of qc certification
Need by industry to help control products from drug discovery through the manufacturing process
Data management approach
Assure product for release to help ensure the final product meet the companys quality criteria, process use to design test will be done correctly
Quality Assurance
Pahrmaceutical manufacturer challenges
Manufacturing
Pricing
Distribution
Drug discovery
Regulatory body of the Philippines
FDA
Effort of regulatory bodies try to allign what their requirements are
International conference on Harmonization
Basic document form where the master formula and batch production records are based
Manufacturing Monograph
Documents used in drug manufacture
Manufacturing Monograph
Master formula record/ master production Record
Batch Production Record
Quality Control Monograph
Standard operating procedures
In-process quality control
Contain standard for medical dosage forms drug substances excipient, biologicals, compounded preparation, medical device, dietary supplement and other therapeutics
USP-NF
Uses of standards of USP-NF
quality of medicine
Safety of patient
USP NF includes
Quality standards for medicine
API
Excipient
Aka: master batch record/ master manufacturing Formula
Master Formula Record/Master Production Record
One of the most important aspect of any manufacturing procedure
Consistency
Standards for satge 3 dissolution
Ave. 24 is nlt Q
2 tabs nlt Q-15
No tab nlt Q-25
Documents when, how, by whom with what tools and in what environment a product was produced
Batch production Record
Contents of BPR
Product formula
Manufacturing procedures
Production record
Raw material records
Packaging material record
Product experience reports
All ingredients include amount
Product formula
All steps in all stages of MP like sifting lubricating milling coating
Manufacturing procedures
Processing batch record
Production record
All. Info regarding active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipient
Raw material records
List of packaging material with quantity
Packaging material record
History of each batch of product
Product experience reports
Specific amount produced in a unit of time
Produced by one manufacturing order during same cycle
Batch
Specified portion of a batch having uniform character and quality w/in specified limits
Lot
Combination of markings, letters by which the history of a manufacture and control of a batch or lot can be determined
Batch number Lot number Control number
Letteres and numbers identified on the label
Control codes
Written document that reflects the quantity attributes of medicine approved by FDA
To guarantee product quality
Quality control monograph
Articulate quality expectations for a medicine or identity and security and Performance
Describe test to validate that medicine or drug and its ingredients meet criteria
Monograph
Rely on precision rigor and consistency to produce quality products to arrive the kind of culture that consistently and effectively produces result of nature
Pharmaceutical manufacturer
Generated to explain in detail the reason behind a procedure and proper sequence to be done and how an equipment is to be operated for maximum performance
Standard operating procedures
Set of written instructions document a routine or repetitive activity that is followed by the employees
SOP
Provide information to perform a job properly and consistently to achieve prederetmined specs and a quality end result
SOP
Test to control before manufacturing process completed to ensure products quality is meet before they approve for consumption
IPQC
Tets performed to determine if the product meets specifications through out the entire processing period
In-process Quality Control
Purpose is to determine any out or range measurement cann be corrected before further processing is continued
IPQC
Control tests is grouped into
Solid
Liquid
Semi solid
Lyophilized
Aerosol
Condected to sarisfy product identity, strength, purity and performance and safety
Some are performed during processing and repeated in final product
Control test
Test to identify that particular substance is medicine that it claims to be
Identify
Testing method and accepted ranges for the potency of a medicine/drug as fda approval
Strength
Information on impurities
Purity
Preduct and demonstrate how a medicine will be released as it enters the human body
Performance
Preparation for tablets, capsules, powders cakes, sticks
Solid prep.
Measured by ruler or vernier caliper
Thickness
Particle scattering technique
Sieving
# of linear opening per square inch
Mesh #
Retained mesh#20
Coarse granules
Pass #20, retained in #40
Good granules
Pass #20 and 40
Fine granules
Flow characteristics
Angle of repose
<25 Angle of repost
Excellent
25-30 angle of repose
Good
30-40 angle of repose
Fair ( add glidant)
>40 angle of repose
Poor
Static angle of repose
Fixed funnel method
Fixed bed cone
Tilting box
Methods of angle of repose
Static and kinetic
Untapped volume also known as
Bulk volume
Ratio of the mass of untapped powder
Bulk density
Decrease bulk density after tapped
Tapped density
Other name or carr's index
Compressibility index
Excellent Carr's index
5-13
Good Carr's index
12-16
Fair to passable Carr's index
18-21
Very fluid Carr's index
23-28
Fluid cohesive Carr's index
28-35
Extremely poor, cohesive Carr's index
> 40
Good Hausner's ratio
<1.25
Poor Hausner's ratio
> 1.25
Fair to passable Hausner's ratio
1.25-1.5
High air space
High compressibility
Determining the air spaces
Porosity
High moisture
Sticking and picking
Low moisture
Capping
chipping
Lamination
Done through microscopic evaluation
Shape of the granules and powders
Hardness equipments
Stokes monsanto - spring
Strong cobb - air pump
Pfizer - pliers
Erweka- susp weight
Schleuniger - horizontal
Caused by certain mechanical shock because of materila from intact tablets
Surface erosion
Other name of powder fineness
Sieve analysis/ particle size analysis
Common problems in all manufacturing firm dur to spoilage of active ingredient
Microbial contamination
Minimum test that Need microbial testing
Microbial burden
Causes static build up that cause static charges that dry out the medication affecting the intended behavior
Low humidity
Cause the product to dry out or crumble or stick together
Excess static
Cause the product to absorb excess moisture in the air w/c low comodity
High humidity
Rate limiting test in absorption of the drug
Dissolution
Ability of product to breakdown in small particles or granules
Disintegration
Mixture of active drug and non- drug component and exipient dissolve in suitable solvents or mixtures of solvents
Liquid preparations
Size enlargement process in w/c primary particles clump together to form bigger mass or aglomerate
Agglomeration
Particles immediately set at the bottom part of the container
Suspendibility
Suspended particles of active ingredient should readily redispersed
Redispersibility
Resistance to flow
Viscosity
More than 0.9 of NaCl
Hypertonicity
Less than 0.9% NaCl
Hypotonicity
Instrument in refractive index
Refractometer
Purity determination with direct measurement of liquid measurement based on the refraction of light
Refractive index
Physical property of surface of liquid to resist an external coarse
Surface tension
Fever producing microorganisms
Pyrogen
Key for GMO for safe use
Sterility testing
Dye use in leak test
Methylene blue dye - Destructive methylene blue test
These products are applied topically to steam of mucus membrane such as the eye or face, buccal, nasal mucosa, rectal and vaginal tissues
Semi solid prep.
Test for suppositories
Softening range
State of all of the same kind
Homogeneity
Loss of weight of semi solid drug
Loss of water
Freeze drying
Lyophilized
Process w/c water is removed from the product after it is frozen and placed in a vacuum allowing ice to change directly from solid vapor w/o passing through a liquid phase
Freeze drying
Fast or slow the lyophilized product is dissolved
Rate of solution
Powder tending to form lumps or masses
Caking
Amount of consumable product
Net content
Enough pressure in the package that help product to come out to container
Pressure measurement
Compressed gas inside container in w/c product active ingredient are dispersed
Propellant
Part of package tru w/c product concentrate is expelled in the desired form and rate
Valve
Df composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to a finely divided state and intended for internal or external use
Powders
Df composed of dry aggregates of powder particles that may contain one or more APIs w/ or w/o other ingredients
Granules
Granules mesh sieve size range
4-12 mesh sieve size range
The sieves are arranged in nest with the ___ at the top
Coarsest
Maximus angle possible between the surface of a pile of the powder and horizontal planes
Angle of repose
Low angle or repose
Better flow property
Rough and irregular surface
higher angle of repose
Ratio of the mass of untapped powder sample and volume including the contribution of iner particulate void volume
Bulk density
Increased bulk density attained after tapping
Tapped density
Density formula
D=M/V
Angle of repose formula
∅= Tan-1 (h/r)
Demostrate the relationship bet. The flow and compressibility of powder
Carr's index/ compressibility index
Formula for Carr's index
CI = TD-BD/TD x 100
Preducts the flow property of powder by using inter particle friction
Hausner's ratio
HR formula
HR= TD/BD
Determine how many air spaces there are in a powder
Porosity
High porosity
High compressibility
True volume of porosity foluma
D=M/V
Void formula for porositty
Void = BV-TV / BV
Percentage of total volume in porosity
Void
Karl Fisher method
Method 1
Method 2
Azeotropic Distillation/Xylene/toluene method
Gravimetric method
Method 3
Prevents pyridine sulfur complex
Anhydrous methanol
Prevents reversal of action
Pyridine
Solvents in method 2 MC
Xylene and toluene
Used for vegetable drugs
Biologics
Crude drugs
Method 3
1k in N
9.807 newtons
1kg in G
1000 G
Basket apparatus
Type 1
Tyep 2
Paddle apparatus
Type 3
Reciprocating cylinder
Type 4
Flow through cell apparatus
Cylinder aparatus type
Type 6
Paddle over disk
Type 5
Reciprocating holder
Tyep 7