Unit 5 Flashcards
Endocrine system
Collection of glands produce and release hormones.
Hypothalamus
Brian structure that regulates basic biological needs and motivational systems.
Hormones
Chemicals that travel through the body.
Effects slower than neurotransmitters.
Contribute to homeostasis.
Consciousness
Persons subjective awareness
Thoughts, perceptions, experiences, self awareness
Biological rhythm
Circadian rhythms, entertainment, endogenous rhythms
Circadian rhythms
Internally driven daily cycle, 24h
Affect psychologically and behavioural process.
Entertainment
Biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues.
Endogenous rhythms
Biological rhythms generated by body, independent of external cues.
Polysomnography
Set of objective measurements used to examine psychological variables during sleep. (EEG)
Breathing, temp, muscle activity.
Beta waves
High frequency (15-30Hz), low amplitude
Wakefulness
Alpha wave
Lower frequency (8-14Hz)
Daydreaming, falling asleep, meditation
Theta waves (stages 1-2)
Lower frequency (4-8Hz), higher amplitude
Breathing, blood pressure, heart rate decreased
Sensitive to external stimuli
Sleep spindles, K complexes
Delta waves (stages 3-4)
Low frequency (<3Hz) high amplitude, deep sleep
REM
Quickening brain, inhibited body movements, rapid eye movement.
20-25% of total sleep.
Theory- preserve and protect hypothesis
Sleep is important for preserving energy and protecting organisms from harm.
Ex) prey sleeping in secure areas.
Theory- restore and repair hypothesis
Need to restore energy levels, repair wear and tear from the day.
Lack of sleep=cognitive decline.
Sleep clears waste and excess proteins.
Sleep deprivation
Cannot sleep, related to internal or external factors.
Missing one night= blood alcohol level of 0.07.
Sleep displacement
Prevented from sleeping at normal time.
Same amount of sleep, not the right time (not refreshed).
Related to external or internal factors: work schedule, caffeine
Dreaming- psychoanalytical approach (Sigmund Freud)
Unconscious expression of wish (primal urges, sex, aggression)
Manifest content and latent content.
Manifest content
Images and storylines we dream about.
Latent content
Symbolic meaning of a dream (usually tied to sex and aggression).
The activation-synthesis hypothesis
Dreams arise from brain activity, bursts of excitatory messages from Pons.
Pons-> activation: explains REM and EEG patterns which resemble wakefulness.
Stimulation of occipital and frontal lobes produce imaginary sights and sounds.
Consolidation
STM to LTM
Reconsolidating
Hippocampus updates, strengthen, or modify existing LTM
Cross-cortical storage
LTM distributed through cortex.
Weapon focus
Focus on emotional contents of a scene
Mnemonics
Method of loci (connect words to locations along familiar path)
Acronyms
Deere roe diver mcdermott (DRM) paradigm
List of words, had to remember critical lure (missing word= intrusion) related words= semantic associates
Semantic networks
Interconnected se of nodes, reaction time test hierarchical organization connectedness of networks.
Temporal lobe damage
Difficulty identifying objects, can still describe them.
Folk biology
Natural world conceptualizer and categorize differences across cultures.
Heuristics
Problem solving strategy that use prior experience to provide an educated guess for solution.
Availability heuristic
Estimating frequency of event based on how easily examples of it come to mind.
Aphasia
Language disorder, from brain damage to structures that support using and understanding language.
Broca area
Speech and sounds
Wernickes area
Understanding words
Phonemes
Speech sounds
Morphemes
Meaningful units of language
Semantics
Study of people understanding meaning of words
