Unit 5

Question 1

What is photosyntheis?

Answer 1

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy

Question 2

What are autotraphs and heterotrophs? Whats the difference?

Answer 2

Autotrophs are organism that produce their food organic substances

Heterotrophs are Organisms unable to make their own food so they live off of other organisms

Question 3

In what orgainsms Where did photsynthesis first occur?

Answer 3

prokaryotic

Question 4

What is cynobacteria?

Answer 4

early prokaryotes capable of photosynthesis

oxygenated the atmosphere of early Earth

Question 5

Where is the site of photosyntheis.

Answer 5

Leaves

Question 6

Describe chlorplasts

Answer 6

The organelle for photosyntehsis. found in neophte the cells in the leaves

Question 7

What is stomata

Answer 7

pores in leaves that let CO2 in and out

Question 8

Chlorplast have a double membrane ? True or False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Describe stromoa, thylkoid, and chlorophyll

Answer 9

Stroma: liquid
Thylakoid: form stacks known as grana
Chlorophyll: green pigment in thylakoid membranes

Question 10

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 10

6 CO2 + 6H2O + light energy are the reactants and the products are C6H12O6+6O2

Question 11

What does photosytheis split?

Answer 11

It splits H2O in H and O

Question 12

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 12

reaction involving complete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Question 13

In photosynthesis the electrons are __________ with ________ (from split ________) to _______ reducing it to _______?

Answer 13

transffered, H+, H2O, CO2, sugar

Question 14

Oxidation is when electrons are gained ? True or False?

Answer 14

False, it is when it is lost. OIL

Question 15

Reduction is when electrons are lost? True or False?

Answer 15

False, it is when it gained. RIG

Question 16

How many stages are there in photosynthesis? What are they and describe them.

Answer 16

There are two, the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light reaction occurs in the thylakoid membrane in the photo systems
and converts solar energy to chemical energy. The Calvin cycle also known as the dark cycle uses Nadph, ATP, and CO2
and it produces a 3- C sugar G3P. They are three phases: Carbon fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration of RUBP.

Question 17

Light is ____________ and is made out of _______ and travels in _______

Answer 17

eletromagnetic energy, photons, waves

Question 18

What is a wave length?

Answer 18

the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next

the entire range is known as the electromagnetic spectrum
380 nm to 750nm is visible light

Question 19

Short wavelenghts are higher in energy. True or False?

Answer 19

True, longer wave lengths are lower.

Question 20

When light interacts with matter it can be

Answer 20

reflected, absorbed, transmitted, the color we see is being reflected.

Question 21

What is the primary pigment involved in the light reactions?

Answer 21

Cholorphyll a, a blue/greenish pigment

Question 22

What is chlorpblly b

Answer 22

A acessory pigmennt, yellowish/grenn pigment

Question 23

What are caroteniods and photo protection?

Answer 23

Caroteniods broaden the spectrum of colors that drive photosynthesis. Photo protection carteniods absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that could damage chlorophyll or interact with oxygen/feature of carteniods

Question 24

A photon of which color of light would contain more energy: yellow (590 nm) or purple ( 410 nm)?

Answer 24

Purple

Question 25

What are the forms of chemical energy?

Answer 25

NADPH and ATP

Question 26

What does the cell use to excite electrons?

Answer 26

Light energy (photons)

Question 27

What happens when chlorphylla bsorbds a photon of light

Answer 27

The electron gets excited from its ground state as it does this it releases heat and photons

Question 28

What are photosytems? and how many are used in photosyntehius.

Answer 28

reaction center and light capturing complexes. two

Question 29

Where are the photoystems loctaed in

Answer 29

The thylakoid membrane. Photosystem 2:reaction center P680 absorbs light at 680 nm Photosystem 1:reaction center P700 absorbs light at 700 nm

Question 30

Describes what happens in the second photosystem?

Answer 30

Light energy photon causes an electron to go from an excited state back to a ground state. This repeats until it reaches the P680 pair of chlorophyll molecules. Then, The electron is transferred to a primary electron acceptor, forming P680+ After that, H2O is split into: 2H+ and is released into the thylakoid space and 1 oxygen atom (which immediately bonds to another oxygen atom) After the Linear electron flow: each excited electron will pass from PS II to PS I via the electron transport chain

Question 31

The “fall” of electrons from PS II to PS I provides energy to form ______?

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

The ______ gradient is a form of ____________ energy

Answer 32

H+, potential

Question 33

_______________________ couples the diffusion of __________to the formation of __________

Answer 33

ATP synthase, H+, ATP

Question 34

Light reactions convert ?

Answer 34

Solar to chemical

Question 35

Water is split

Answer 35

Provides H+ and electrons | oxygen as a byproduct

Question 36

Light absorbed by __________________ drives the transfer of _________________ and ______________________ from ___________ to an electron acceptor called ___________

Answer 36

Chlorphyll a, electrons and hydrogen ions H2O, NADP+

Question 37

NADP+ is reduced to ?

Answer 37

NADPH

Question 38

Generates ________ by phosphorylating __________

Answer 38

ATP, ADP

Question 39

Inputs of light reaction

Answer 39

light(photons) ADP NADP+ H2O

Question 40

Outputs of the light reaction

Answer 40

ATP NADPH oxygen O2

Question 41

The calvin cycle is ____________ electron flow

Answer 41

cyclic

Question 42

Uses __________ and _________ to reduce ___________ to __________ (G3P)

Answer 42

ATP, NADPH, CO2, sugar

Question 43

what is sugar?

Answer 43

G3P

Question 44

For net synthesis of 1 G3P molecule, the cycle must take place ________ times

Answer 44

3, the Calivn cycle takes place 3

Question 45

What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 45

Carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of RuBP

Question 46

What is phase 1 of the Calvin describe?

Answer 46

Carbon fixation- each CO2 attaches to a molecule of RuBP catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco forms 3-phosphoglycase

Question 47

Reduction is the ____ phase of the Calvin cycle. Describe?

Answer 47

second, Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP( uses 6 total) becomes 1,3 phosophoglycerate 6 NADPH molecules donate electrons to 1, 3 bishospoglycaerate reduces to G3P 6 molecules of G3P are formed, but only ONE is counted as a NET gain the other 5 G3P get sent tot the next stage to regenerate RuBP

Question 48

What is phase 3, desribe

Answer 48

Regenration of RuBP, the 5 G3P molecules are used to regenerate 3 molecules of RuBP uses 3 ATP for generation cycle is now ready to take in CO2 again

Question 49

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Answer 49

stroma

Question 50

The Calvin cycle uses __________________ and ___________________ to reduce CO2 to ___________________

Answer 50

ATP, NADPH, sugar G3P

Question 51

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 51

Rubisco

Question 52

For every 3 molecules of CO 2 that enter the Calvin cycle ________ G3P are formed. Only _____ is net, the other _______ G3P molecules are recycled to regenerate RuBP

Answer 52

6,1,5