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Madison APWH > Unit 4a: Transoceanic Connections - Euro Centered > Flashcards

Unit 4a: Transoceanic Connections - Euro Centered Flashcards

1
Q

Who financed explorations led by Prince Henry the Navigator?

A

Portugal

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2
Q

Which explorer explored eastern Africa and India?

A

Vasco da Gama

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3
Q

Which explorer financed by Spain explored the Americas?

A

Christopher Columbus

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4
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

An agreement between Spain and Portugal to split colonized land between them

Signed in 1494.

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5
Q

Who explored South America in 1500?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

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6
Q

Who explored Florida in 1513?

A

Ponce de Leon

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7
Q

Who explored Central America in 1513?

A

Vasco de Balboa

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8
Q

Who explored from South America to the Philippines in 1519?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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9
Q

Who explored North America in 1524?

A

Giovanni da Verrazzano

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10
Q

Who circumnavigated the globe in 1578?

A

Sir Francis Drake

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11
Q

Who explored North America in 1497?

A

John Cabot

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12
Q

Who explored the Hudson River in 1609?

A

Henry Hudson

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13
Q

What products aided new explorations?

A

Sternpost Rudder, Lateen Sails, Astrolabe, Magnetic Compass, Three-Masted Caravels

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14
Q

What is a Sternpost Rudder?

A

An invention from China that allowed better control of ships.

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15
Q

What are Lateen Sails?

A

Sails invented in the Roman Empire that allowed directional control of ships.

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16
Q

What is an Astrolabe?

A

A navigation device that measured the distance between the sun and stars on the horizon to determine latitude.

17
Q

What is a Magnetic Compass?

A

A device developed in China to determine direction.

18
Q

What are Three-Masted Caravels?

A

Large ships fit for longer journeys.

19
Q

Who landed on the coast of Mexico in 1519 and sought to exploit the Aztec Empire?

A

Hernando Cortes

20
Q

What disease significantly reduced the Aztec population?

A

Smallpox brought by the Spanish.

21
Q

Who took over the Inca Empire in 1531?

A

Francisco Pizarro

22
Q

What was the Encomienda System?

A

A hierarchical colonial society implemented by the Spanish in the New World.

23
Q

Who were the Peninsulares in the Encomienda System?

A

Spanish officials governing the colonies.

24
Q

Who were the Creoles in the Encomienda System?

A

Spanish born in colonies to Spanish parents, barred from high positions but educated and wealthy.

25
Q

Who were the Mestizos?

A

Those with European/Native American ancestry.

26
Q

Who were the Mulattos?

A

Those with European/African ancestry.

27
Q

Who were the native Americans in the Encomienda System?

A

Indigenous people subjected to the colonial hierarchy.

28
Q

What were Viceroys?

A

Governors of each of the 5 regions of New Spain.

29
Q

What initiated the African Slave Trade?

A

Europe exploited an existing system of slavery in Africa.

30
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The brutal ocean passage from Africa to the Americas.

31
Q

How many Africans were taken to the Americas?

A

Around 13 million, with 60% to South America, 35% to the Caribbean, and 5% to North America.

32
Q

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A

The transatlantic transfer of animals, plants, diseases, people, technology, and ideas among Europe, the Americas, and Africa.

33
Q

What were key products of the Columbian Exchange?

A

Sugar and silver, both requiring significant forced labor.

34
Q

What characterized the Age of Exploration?

A

Trading, empire building, and conquest due to financing schemes.

35
Q

What is a Joint-stock Company?

A

A company that pools resources of merchants to distribute costs and reduce risks for individual investors.

36
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

The theory that creating a favorable balance of imports and exports was best, leading to intense colonialism.

Madison APWH (1 decks)

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