Unit 4.1-4.3

Question 1

[4.1] American political culture

Answer 1

The values that influence individuals’ attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between citizens and the federal government.

Question 2

[4.1] equality of opportunity

Answer 2

The belief that each person should have the same opportunities to advance in society.

Question 3

[4.1] free enterprise

Answer 3

The belief in the right to compete freely in a market government by supply and demand with limited government involvement.

Question 4

[4.1] ideology

Answer 4

The belief and ideas that help to shape political opinion and policy.

Question 5

[4.1] individualism

Answer 5

The principle of valuing individual rights over those of the government, with a strong emphasis on individual initiative and responsibility.

Question 6

[4.1] limited government

Answer 6

A political system in which there are restrictions placed on the government to protect individual rights and liberties.

Question 7

[4.1] rule of law

Answer 7

The principle that government is based on a body of law applied equally and fairly to every citizen, not on the whims of those in charge, and that no one is above the law, including the government.

Question 8

[4.1] Different interpretations (Individualism)

Answer 8

(Desiree vs Yuki) no gov. interference in the economy or social habits vs. gov should not interfere with rights but is allowed when rights are infringed upon.

Question 9

[4.1] Different interpretations (free enterprise)

Answer 9

Gov. responsibility to regulate market and protect workers vs. leaving market and workers for themselves (bc regulation can harm the economy by limiting productivity and profitability).

Question 10

[4.1] Tension in policymaking (healthcare)

Answer 10

Gov. sponsored healthcare cause tension for equality of opportunity (everyone access to healthcare regardless of income) and limited gov. (gov. control over citizen’s health gives too much power).

Question 11

[4.2] demographic characteristics

Answer 11

Socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. These characteristics influence how individuals tend to vote and whether they identify with a political party.

Question 12

[4.2] globalization

Answer 12

The growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between nations and advances in communications technology. Globalization has influenced American politics by increasing the extent to which the United States influences, and is influenced by, the values of other countries

Question 13

[4.2] party identification

Answer 13

An individual’s sense of loyalty to a specific political party

Question 14

[4.2] political socialization

Answer 14

The process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media

Question 15

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Gender)

Answer 15

• Women -> Democrat
• Men -> Republican

Question 16

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Income level)

Answer 16

• Low-income individuals -> Democrat
• High-income individuals -> Republican

Question 17

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Marital status)

Answer 17

• Single, divorced, or widowed individuals -> Democrat
• Married individuals -> Republican

Question 18

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Employment)

Answer 18

• Blue-collar workers -> Democrat
• White collar workers, women who work home -> Republican

Question 19

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Race)

Answer 19

• African Americans and Hispanic Americans -> Democrat
• Whites -> Republican

Question 20

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Religion)

Answer 20

• Jews, those unaffiliated with a religion -> Democrat
• Protestants, Catholics -> Republican

Question 21

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Region)

Answer 21

• Northeasterns, Westerns -> Democrat
• Midwesterns, Southerns -> Republican

Question 22

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Age)

Answer 22

• Younger and older Americans -> Democrat
• Middle-aged Americans -> Republican

Question 23

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Union membership)

Answer 23

• Union member -> Democrat
• Non-union member -> Republican

Question 24

[4.2] Identify Democratic vs. Republican (Parental politics)

Answer 24

• Parents strongly aligned with Democratic Party -> Democratic
• Parents strongly aligned with Republican Party -> Republican

Question 25

[4.3] Generational effects

Answer 25

experiences shared by a group of people who came of age together (generational cohorts, such as baby boomers a=or millennials) that affect their political attributes; wars and economic recessions that hit one generation particularly hard have lasting effects on the political attributes of that generation as its members progress through life (ex. a large proportion of those who came of age during the Great Depression favored New Deal policies and retained their loyalty to the Democratic Party throughout their lifetimes)

Question 26

[4.3] Lifecycle effects

Answer 26

Changes over the course of an individual’s lifetime, which affect their political attitudes and participation; as individuals develop from young people to adults to senior citizens, their concerns and values change. (ex. The youngest Americans tend to be more liberal but less politically active than older Americans)

Question 27

[4.3] Period effects

Answer 27

Major events and social trends that affect the political attitudes of the entire population (ex. the terrorist attacks on September 11 and the Watergate scandal had lasting effects on the political attitudes of those who lived through them)