Unit 4 Vocab

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules in cell processes

Question 1

ADP

Answer 1

a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by adding a phosphate group

Question 2

Chemosynthesis

Answer 2

a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy

Question 4

Chlorophyll

Answer 4

A molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light

Question 5

Thylakoid

Answer 5

Coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments

Question 6

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 6

captures energy from sunlight

Question 7

Light-independent reactions

Answer 7

uses energy from light-dependent reactions to make sugars

Question 8

Photosystem

Answer 8

two groups of molecules that capture and transfer energy during light-dependent reactions

Question 9

Electron transport chain

Answer 9

a series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid

Question 10

ATP synthase

Answer 10

a complex enzyme that makes ATP by adding phosphate groups to ADP

Question 11

Calvin cycle

Answer 11

light-independent process in photosynthesis that creates six-carbon sugars

Question 12

Cellular respiration

Answer 12

releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present

Question 13

Aerobic

Answer 13

needs oxygen to take place

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP

Question 15

Anaerobic

Answer 15

does not need oxygen to take place

Question 16

Kreb’s cycle

Answer 16

produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis

Question 18

Lactic acid

Answer 18

C3H6O3; cause muscles to “burn” during hard excercise

Question 19

Plant

Answer 19

multicellular eukaryotes, most of which produce their own food through photosynthesis and have adopted to life on land

Question 20

Cuticle

Answer 20

a waxy, waterproof layer that helps hold in moisture

Question 21

Stomata

Answer 21

tiny holes in the cuticle that can close to prevent water loss or open to allow air movement

Question 22

Vascular system

Answer 22

a collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperses sugars down from leaves

Question 23

Seed

Answer 23

a storage device for a plant embryo

Question 24

Pollination

Answer 24

when pollen meets female reproductive parts of the same plant species

Question 25

Gymnosperm

Answer 25

a seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed in fruit

Question 26

Angiosperm

Answer 26

a seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit

Question 27

Cone

Answer 27

the reproductive structure of flowering plants

Question 28

Fruit

Answer 28

the mature ovary of a flower

Question 29

Dermal tissue

Answer 29

covers the outside of a plant and protects it in a variety of ways