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AP human geo > unit 4 vocab > Flashcards

unit 4 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Antecedent boundary

A

a border that has divided people since before history was written

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1
Q

Apartheid

A

a harsh system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa from 1948 - 1994

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2
Q

Autonomous region

A

an area of a country that has degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority.

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3
Q

Balance of power

A

when competing forces (or countries) come to a level where no single one is strong enough to dominate the others

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4
Q

Balkanization

A

the process of a country breaking into smaller pieces that are hostile to each other

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5
Q

Boundary

A

a border that separates administrative units such as countries or provinces

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6
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

a cultural trait that divides people within a country

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7
Q

Centripetal force

A

a cultural trait that adds to the unity of a country

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8
Q

Chokepoint

A

a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region

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9
Q

Colonialism

A

when a more powerful country acquires full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

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10
Q

Consequent boundary

A

a type of subsequent boundary that tries to divide the existing groups of people between two countries

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11
Q

Demilitarized zone

A

an area previously in conflict from which weapons and military forces have been removed

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12
Q

Democracy

A

a form of government in which the ultimate power rests with the people

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13
Q

Democratization

A

when a government makes changes to give all citizens have a greater voice in the country

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14
Q

Devolution

A

a national government allowing a regional government to more power to self govern

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15
Q

Electoral college

A

the system used in American presidential elections that assigns a number of votes to states by population. It encourages candidates to not only focus on populated areas

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16
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

a powerful ethnic group pushing aside a weaker one to create an area with only their ethnicity, can lead to genocide

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17
Q

Ethnonationalism

A

the desire of an ethnic community to have absolute authority over its own political, economic, and social affairs

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18
Q

Ethnicity

A

a group of people (often of the same race) who have a shared culture; the cultural component of race

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19
Q

Failed state

A

a country where the government has become so weak it has lost
control and can no longer provide basic government functions

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20
Q

Federal

A

a country where the national government is strong and the regional governments are also strong so the share power

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21
Q

Frontier

A

a zone (instead of a traditional line) that separates two states with neither state having control

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22
Q

Genocide

A

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group

23
Q

Geometric boundary

A

a border that is a straight line and drawn without taking into
account the physical and cultural features of the land

24
Gerrymandering
redrawing voting district boundaries to benefit one political party over another
25
Ghetto
a neighborhood where an ethic minority is forced to live by law or circumstances
26
Imperialism
when one country dominates colonies far from their home country and often imposes their culture on them
27
Independence movement
people that are trying to gain political independence for some area that they think should be its own country
28
Irredentism
a movement to reclaim land by a group who feels they have a claim on that land
29
Maritime boundary
the extensions of a country's territory that extend into the oceans around them
30
Monarchy
a country ruled by a king or queen
31
Multinational state
a country that has substantial amounts of more than one ethnicity
32
Multistate nation
a nation that controls at least one country but that a substantial portion of that group lives in an adjacent country
33
Nation
a group of people that share a common culture/ethnicity
34
Nationalism
loyalty to a nation even over allegiance to country, often seen as patriotism taken to an extreme
35
Nation-state
a country where the vast majority of the people are of the same ethnicity (nationality)
36
Neocolonialism
gaining indirect control of another country through economic or cultural pressures (as opposed to colonisalism which generally used military power)
37
race
the physical differences between groups of people, especially their skin color
38
Redistricting
in the United States, after each census redrawing voting districts due to population changes
39
Relic boundary
a former border between countries that can still be detected on the cultural landscape
40
Republic
a system of government that places the power on the people through their elected leaders and which the executive is elected, not a monarch
41
Self determination
the idea that nations should rule themselves instead of being controlled by others
42
Semiautonomous region
an area inside of a country that has some power to control itself more than other areas in the country
43
Separatist movement
a group advocating for independence for a nation inside a state
44
Shatterbelt
a region caught between stronger colliding external forces, under persistent stress, often fragmented by aggressive rivals
45
Sovereignty
the ability of a country to govern itself without outside influence
46
State
a country that has sovereignty (not what we think of in the United States!)
47
Stateless nation
a nationality that does not have a country and isn't the majority in any country in which they reside
48
Subsequent boundary
a border drawn after an area is settled
49
Superimposed boundary
a boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape which ignores pre-existing cultural patterns
50
Supranationalism
two or more countries joining together for a common puporse such as economics or defense
51
Territoriality
the perceived connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land
52
Terrorism
using violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims
53
Theocracy
when a country is ruled by religious leaders
54
unitary state
a country where the national government is strong and the regional governments are weak

AP human geo (4 decks)

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