Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Unit 4 Test > Flashcards

Unit 4 Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Energy

A

Ability of object or system to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Heat

A

Energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does matter not contain heat?

A

Heat is a form of energy and is an ability, so you cannot contain heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are different types of energy?

A

Thermal, chemical, electrical, electricochemical, electromagnetic, nuclear, mechanical, kinetic, and potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy because position relative to another object
Potential to do work
Examples: trampoline, stretched rubber band, and bow and arrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

roller coaster or ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy resulting from motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is kinetic energy’s relationship with speed?

A

When speed doubles, kinetic energy quadruples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

Within a closed system, energy can not be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form to another, but total energy stays the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps to solve a roller coaster problem?

A
  1. ) Find TE at whatever point you can solve potential and kinetic energy.
  2. ) TE is the same throughout the coaster.
  3. ) Solve for the unknowns.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of work?

A

to move things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

work

A

ability to move or cause change because of the force exerted over a distance (force and distance in the same direction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is power?

A

The amount of work done per time it takes to do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is matter?

A

The material that makes up the universe including mass and space, or volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different states or phases?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the solid phase?

A

The molecules are rigid, close together, and there is a definite shape and volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the liquid phase?

A

The molecules are close, move more, indefinite shape, but definite volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the gas state?

A

The molecules are far apart, move freely, and indefinite shape and volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are physical properties?

A

measured without changing chemical nature of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

Measured by changing chemical nature of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an element?

A

simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properites

21
Q

Compound

A

substance contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

22
Q

Homogeneous mixtures

A

uniform througout

23
Q

Heterogeneous Mixtures

A

not uniform throughout

24
Q

What is temperature?

A

measure of how hot something is compared to a standard
average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance
can twist, vibrate, and rotate

25
Q

When does potential energy increase and decrease?

A

when the bonds break the energy goes up, and when the bonds form the energy goes down

26
Q

What is specific heat?

A

quality of heat required to change the temperature of a substance one degree celsius

27
Q

What is evaporation?

A

liquid to gas that takes place on surface of liquid only
only molecules with most kinetic energy change into gas
cooling process because less energy left in remaining liquid

28
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

warming process because energy increases

29
Q

Boiling

A

phase change from liquid to gas
throughout liquid
cooling process because heat added

30
Q

Why is it harder to boil water or bake things at high altitudes?

A

The decrease in pressure only lets water get to a certain temperature.

31
Q

Are melting and freezing points the same?

A

yes

32
Q

Condensing and boiling points the same?

A

yes

33
Q

What is an alloy?

A

metal made by combining two or more elements

34
Q

What is different between pure substances and mixtures?

A

Pure substances only have only one phase and mixtures have more than one.

35
Q

What are some indications of chemical change?

A

light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound

36
Q

What are some examples of physical change?

A

breaking a bottle, melting ice, and freezing water

37
Q

What are some examples of chemical change?

A

burning, rusting, and cooking

38
Q

What are some physical properties?

A

size, color, volume, and mass

39
Q

During the phase change of a substance, what is happening to the potential energy?

A

It is changing.

40
Q

How does heat flow from hot objects to cold objects?

A

There is not such a thing as coldness, so the hotness is taken from the object and transferred to the lower temperature object. The hot object has less heat, so it is a lower temperature, too.

41
Q

Why when the energy is higher is the object hotter?

A

There is less room for the molecules to move around resulting in a higher temperature.

42
Q

What is the plasma state?

A

The electrons have heated up so much that they have escaped. Positive ions are left.

43
Q

What can gases do?

A

They can vibrate, translate, and rotate.

44
Q

What can liquids do?

A

vibrate and rotate

45
Q

What can solids do?

A

vibrate

46
Q

Is kinetic energy proportional to temperature?

A

yes

47
Q

What does endothermic mean?

A

absorbs heat

48
Q

What does exothermic mean?

A

releases heat

49
Q

Which reactions are exothermic, and which are endothermic?

A

exothermic- freezing, condensation, and gas to solid (deposition)
endothermic- boiling, evaporation, melting, and solid to gas (sublimation)

50
Q

How is energy translated?

A

When potential energy goes up, kinetic energy goes down. When kinetic energy goes up, potential energy goes down. Sometimes there is friction which can become thermal energy.

Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions