Unit 4 Test

Question 0

Energy

Answer 0

Ability of object or system to do work

Question 1

Heat

Answer 1

Energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference between the objects

Question 2

Why does matter not contain heat?

Answer 2

Heat is a form of energy and is an ability, so you cannot contain heat.

Question 3

What are different types of energy?

Answer 3

Thermal, chemical, electrical, electricochemical, electromagnetic, nuclear, mechanical, kinetic, and potential

Question 4

What is potential energy?

Answer 4

Stored energy because position relative to another object
Potential to do work
Examples: trampoline, stretched rubber band, and bow and arrow

Question 5

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 5

roller coaster or ball

Question 6

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 6

Energy resulting from motion

Question 7

What is kinetic energy’s relationship with speed?

Answer 7

When speed doubles, kinetic energy quadruples.

Question 8

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Answer 8

Within a closed system, energy can not be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form to another, but total energy stays the same.

Question 9

What are the steps to solve a roller coaster problem?

Answer 9

1. ) Find TE at whatever point you can solve potential and kinetic energy.
2. ) TE is the same throughout the coaster.
3. ) Solve for the unknowns.

Question 10

What is the purpose of work?

Answer 10

to move things

Question 11

work

Answer 11

ability to move or cause change because of the force exerted over a distance (force and distance in the same direction)

Question 12

What is power?

Answer 12

The amount of work done per time it takes to do it

Question 13

What is matter?

Answer 13

The material that makes up the universe including mass and space, or volume.

Question 14

What are the different states or phases?

Answer 14

Solid, liquid, and gas

Question 15

What is the solid phase?

Answer 15

The molecules are rigid, close together, and there is a definite shape and volume.

Question 16

What is the liquid phase?

Answer 16

The molecules are close, move more, indefinite shape, but definite volume.

Question 17

What is the gas state?

Answer 17

The molecules are far apart, move freely, and indefinite shape and volume.

Question 18

What are physical properties?

Answer 18

measured without changing chemical nature of the substance

Question 19

What are chemical properties?

Answer 19

Measured by changing chemical nature of the substance

Question 20

What is an element?

Answer 20

simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properites

Question 21

Compound

Answer 21

substance contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Question 22

Homogeneous mixtures

Answer 22

uniform througout

Question 23

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Answer 23

not uniform throughout

Question 24

What is temperature?

Answer 24

measure of how hot something is compared to a standard average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance can twist, vibrate, and rotate

Question 25

When does potential energy increase and decrease?

Answer 25

when the bonds break the energy goes up, and when the bonds form the energy goes down

Question 26

What is specific heat?

Answer 26

quality of heat required to change the temperature of a substance one degree celsius

Question 27

What is evaporation?

Answer 27

liquid to gas that takes place on surface of liquid only only molecules with most kinetic energy change into gas cooling process because less energy left in remaining liquid

Question 28

condensation

Answer 28

gas to liquid | warming process because energy increases

Question 29

Boiling

Answer 29

phase change from liquid to gas throughout liquid cooling process because heat added

Question 30

Why is it harder to boil water or bake things at high altitudes?

Answer 30

The decrease in pressure only lets water get to a certain temperature.

Question 31

Are melting and freezing points the same?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

Condensing and boiling points the same?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

What is an alloy?

Answer 33

metal made by combining two or more elements

Question 34

What is different between pure substances and mixtures?

Answer 34

Pure substances only have only one phase and mixtures have more than one.

Question 35

What are some indications of chemical change?

Answer 35

light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound

Question 36

What are some examples of physical change?

Answer 36

breaking a bottle, melting ice, and freezing water

Question 37

What are some examples of chemical change?

Answer 37

burning, rusting, and cooking

Question 38

What are some physical properties?

Answer 38

size, color, volume, and mass

Question 39

During the phase change of a substance, what is happening to the potential energy?

Answer 39

It is changing.

Question 40

How does heat flow from hot objects to cold objects?

Answer 40

There is not such a thing as coldness, so the hotness is taken from the object and transferred to the lower temperature object. The hot object has less heat, so it is a lower temperature, too.

Question 41

Why when the energy is higher is the object hotter?

Answer 41

There is less room for the molecules to move around resulting in a higher temperature.

Question 42

What is the plasma state?

Answer 42

The electrons have heated up so much that they have escaped. Positive ions are left.

Question 43

What can gases do?

Answer 43

They can vibrate, translate, and rotate.

Question 44

What can liquids do?

Answer 44

vibrate and rotate

Question 45

What can solids do?

Answer 45

vibrate

Question 46

Is kinetic energy proportional to temperature?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

What does endothermic mean?

Answer 47

absorbs heat

Question 48

What does exothermic mean?

Answer 48

releases heat

Question 49

Which reactions are exothermic, and which are endothermic?

Answer 49

exothermic- freezing, condensation, and gas to solid (deposition) endothermic- boiling, evaporation, melting, and solid to gas (sublimation)

Question 50

How is energy translated?

Answer 50

When potential energy goes up, kinetic energy goes down. When kinetic energy goes up, potential energy goes down. Sometimes there is friction which can become thermal energy.