Unit 4 test

Question 1

What can convergent boundaries result in?

Answer 1

the creation of mountains, island arcs, subduction, earthquakes, and volcanoes

Question 2

What can divergent boundaries result in?

Answer 2

seafloor spreading, rift valleys, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Question 3

What can transform boundaries result in?

Answer 3

earthquakes

Question 4

How does an earthquake occurr?

Answer 4

when stress overcomes a locked fault, releasing stored energy

Question 5

How is soil formed?

Answer 5

when parent material is weathered, transported, and deposited.

Question 6

How is soil categorized?

Answer 6

by horizons based on their composition and organic material

Question 7

Water holding capacity

Answer 7

the total amount of water soil can hold. Varies with different soil types.

Question 8

What does water holding capacity contribute to?

Answer 8

land productivity and fertility of soils

Question 9

How does the particle size affect soil?

Answer 9

affects the porosity, permeability, and fertility

Question 10

Physical weathering

Answer 10

Mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals

Question 11

Abiotic causes of weathering

Answer 11

water, wind, temperature variations

Question 12

Biotic causes of weathering

Answer 12

plant roots, burrowing animals

Question 13

Chemical weathering

Answer 13

Releases essential nutrients from rocks

Question 14

O Horizon = “Organic”

Answer 14

Decomposed organic material
Sometimes called humus (lower layer)
Most pronounced in forests

Question 15

A Horizon = topsoil

Answer 15

Surface soil/topsoil
Organic mixed with mineral material
Most biological activity

Question 16

E Horizon = “Eluviated”

Answer 16

In some acidic soils
Metals and nutrients are leached, or eluviated, from above (iron, aluminum, organic acids)

Question 17

B Horizon = Subsoil

Answer 17

Mineral material – zone of accumulation of metals and nutrients

Question 18

C Horizon

Answer 18

Least weathered
Similar to parent material

Question 19

R Horizon

Answer 19

rocks unweathered parent material

Question 20

Soil services

Answer 20

1. Plant growth
2. Cycling of nutrients
3. Habitat
4. Engineering medium
5. Water storage and filtration

Question 21

asthenophere

Answer 21

semi molten, flexible rock

Question 22

lithosphere

Answer 22

solid upper mantle, outermost layer

Question 23

hot spots

Answer 23

places where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphere

Question 24

how is a volcano formed?

Answer 24

when a plate moves over a hotspot , heat melts the crust

Question 25

volcano

Answer 25

a vent in earth’s surface that emit’s gas, ash, and lava

Question 26

How are volcanic islands formed

Answer 26

when a plate moves past a hotspot

Question 27

oceanic plates

Answer 27

dense rich in iron

Question 28

continental plates

Answer 28

less dense, rise, lighter, silicon dioxide

Question 29

subduction

Answer 29

when an oceanic plate meets a continental plate the oceanic plate goes underneath the continental plate and goes underneath the earths center.

Question 30

collision zone

Answer 30

the collision of 2 continental plates of similar densities, the colliding forces the crust to push up and form a mountain range

Question 31

fault

Answer 31

a movement in earth’s crust

Question 32

Where is the ring of fire located?

Answer 32

Pacific plate(convergent boundary)

Question 33

Where is the divergent plate boundary?

Answer 33

mid-atlantic ridge

Question 34

Where is the transform plate boundary?

Answer 34

san andreas fault