Unit 4 Test

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

communicates through hormones secreted into blood

Question 2

nervous system

Answer 2

neurotransmitters are used to end messages from cell to cell

Question 3

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 4

everything EXCEPT brain and spinal cord

Question 5

(PNS) sensory division (afferent)

Answer 5

carries signals from receptors to CNS; visceral sensory and somatic sensory division

Question 6

(PNS) motor division (efferent)

Answer 6

carries signals from CNS; visceral motor division and somatic motor division

Question 7

(PNS) visceral motor division

Answer 7

cardiac, smooth muscle, glands

Question 8

sympathetic division

Answer 8

fight or flight

Question 9

parasympathetic division

Answer 9

rest and digest

Question 10

(PNS) somatic motor division

Answer 10

skeletal muscle

Question 11

3 properties of neurons

Answer 11

excitability, conductivity, secretion

Question 12

classes of neurons

Answer 12

1. sensory (afferent) neurons
2. interneurons (association) neurons
3. motor (efferent) neurons

Question 13

structure of a neuron

Answer 13

• dendrites
• soma
• axon hillock
• singe axon
• synaptic knobs

Question 14

multipolar neuron

Answer 14

1 axon, multiple dendrites; motor neuron; most common

Question 15

bipolar neuron

Answer 15

1 axon, 1 dendrite; olfactory (smell), retina (eye), and inner ear

Question 16

unipolar neuron

Answer 16

soma on side; sensory; skin and organs to spinal cord

Question 17

anaxonic neuron

Answer 17

no axon, many dendrites; brain, retina, adrenal glands

Question 18

anterograde axon transport

Answer 18

soma and synaptic knobs; proteins from soma are transported to axon and axon terminal

Question 19

retrograde axon transport

Answer 19

soma and synaptic knobs; returns used synaptic vesicles to the soma

Question 20

neuroglia cells

Answer 20

protect neurons and help them function; bind together neurons for nervous tissue;

Question 21

(CNS) oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

form myelin sheaths that speed signal conduction

Question 22

(CNS) ependymal cells

Answer 22

line central canal of the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain; secrete/circulate CSF

Question 23

(CNS) microglia

Answer 23

macrophages, increased on area of injury

Question 24

(CNS) astrocytes

Answer 24

blood brain barrier; largest and most numerou

Question 25

(PNS) schwann cells

Answer 25

produce myeline sheath

Question 26

(PNS) satellite cells

Answer 26

function = uncertain

Question 27

myelin sheath

Answer 27

insulating layer around a nerve fiber; oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

Question 28

gaps between myelin segments

Answer 28

nodes of ranvier

Question 29

speed of nerve fibers

Answer 29

1. type A (axons) (large diameter, myelinated, high speed) 2. type B (axons) (medium diameter, myelinated, medium speed) 3. type C (axons) (small diameter, unmyelinated, slow speed)

Question 30

slow signals =

Answer 30

sent to stomach

Question 31

fast signals =

Answer 31

sent to skeletal muscles

Question 32

resting membrane potential

Answer 32

-70 mV (negative charge)

Question 33

continuous propgation

Answer 33

unmyelinated axons; one segment of an axon at a time

Question 34

saltatory propagation

Answer 34

myelinated axons; faster and uses less energy; myelin insulates the axon

Question 35

1st neuron is...

Answer 35

presynaptic neuron; releases neurotransmitter

Question 36

2nd neuron is..

Answer 36

postsynaptic neuron; responds to neurotransmitter

Question 37

acetylcholine

Answer 37

neurotransmitter

Question 38

amino acid neurotransmitter

Answer 38

GABA

Question 39

monoamines

Answer 39

catecholamines

Question 40

neuropeptides

Answer 40

2-40 amino acids

Question 41

excitatory cholinergenic synapse =

Answer 41

ACh

Question 42

excitatory adrengenic synapse =

Answer 42

NE