Unit 4 test

Question 1

Motivations for Imperialism

Answer 1

• Social Darwinism (Natural selection)
• Cultural: White Man’s Burden
• Economics
• Nationalism

Question 2

Means of Imperialism

Answer 2

• Maxim machine guns
• Steamships
• Quinine (a medicine for malaria)

Question 3

Negative affects of imperialism

Answer 3

• Artificial borders
• Cash crop economies
• Loss of land and independence
• Exploitation of Africans as a cheap source of labor

Question 4

Positive affects of Imperialism

Answer 4

• Medicine
• Education
• Improved infrastructure
• Spread of religions
• Spread of technology

Question 5

Impact of Berlin Conference

Answer 5

• Negative impact on Africa
• Almost 90 percent was divided up between European powers
• Change in relationship between Europe and Africa
• Artificial borders (Led to civil war)

Question 6

Leopold II and the Congo

Answer 6

• Leopold II made the International African Association
• Used propaganda in order to justify his actions
• Said he would end slave trade and spread Christian religion).
• Congo becomes his own personal colony
• Human rights abuses were massive in Congo
• Mass demand for Ivory

Question 7

Ethiopian resistance

Answer 7

• Ethiopia was the only successful country that resisted imperialism
• Had guns and other tech

Question 8

Ashanti resistance

Answer 8

Tried to peacefully negotiate their independence with the British which ultimately failed and led to the War of the Golden Stool

Question 9

Herero resistance

Answer 9

Cattle farmers in Southwest Africa that resisted German occupation and taking of their land. Germany committed the 1st genocide of the 20th century.

Question 10

Maji Maji resistance

Answer 10

Various tribal groups in East Africa (Tanzania) that resisted German demand for forced cotton cultivation

Question 11

Zulu

Answer 11

Powerful empire in South Africa. Expansion led to conflict with Europeans

Question 12

Xhosa

Answer 12

Resisted British colonization- resulted in the cattle killing movement.

Question 13

Mahdist revolt

Answer 13

A war between Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah’s forces and Egypts forces

Question 14

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 14

• Built a massive mining company exploiting the diamonds and gold in South Africa.
• Relied on slave-like labor conditions to build his empire.

Question 15

Boer Wars

Answer 15

War fought between 1899-1902 between the British and the Dutch settlers known as Boers

Question 16

Results of Boer wars

Answer 16

• Africans land rights were limited and Africans were excluded from voting, and not allowed to hold political office
• Formation of Apartheid

Question 17

What was Apartheid

Answer 17

A system of legislation that upheld segregation against non-white citizens of South Africa

Question 18

Resistance to Apartheid

Answer 18

• The ANC protested and resisted peacefully until the government became violent during the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960

Question 19

Nelson Mandela

Answer 19

• Helped form a secret group known as the Spear of the Nation
• Used terrorist attacks to disrupt the stability of the government.
• Was later sentenced to Life in prison but was freed in the 90s

Question 20

End of Apartheid

Answer 20

• International pressure
• Boycotts were used to force the President of South Africa to release Mandela and end apartheid in 1990.

Question 21

Mandela urges “Peace and Reconciliation”

Answer 21

• Mandela became the president of South Africa in 1994.
• Pursued a policy of Peace and Reconciliation
• He does not pursue major economic redistribution of wealth.