Unit 4 Terms - Porifera and Placozoa

Question 1

• Name means “lime/stone - sponge”
• has spicules of calcium carbonate

Answer 1

Class Calcispongiae

Question 2

• Name means “six-rayed”
• Also known as the glass sponges
• have 6-rayed, siliceous spicules

Answer 2

Class Hexactinellida

Question 3

• Name means “people-sponge”
• most common class of sponge, more species than the others
• has siliceous spicules (but not with 6-rays) and/or spongin

Answer 3

Class Demospongiae

Question 4

• Name means “same-hard-form”
• has spicules that are small and simple or absent

Answer 4

Class Homoscleromorpha

Question 5

outer layer of flattened cells on sponges

Answer 5

pinacoderm

Question 6

incurrent pores; where water first enters a sponge

Answer 6

dermal ostia

Question 7

large inner chamber within a sponge

Answer 7

spongocoel

Question 8

tiny openings/passageways which connect incurrent canals to radial canals

Answer 8

prosopyles

Question 9

canals lined with choanocytes; found within syconoid canal systems

Answer 9

radial canals

Question 10

internal pores which lead to the spongocoel; where water exits a radial canal

Answer 10

apopyles

Question 11

where water exits a sponge; the final pore/opening water passes through as it exits a sponge

Answer 11

osculum

Question 12

the simplest type of canal system; canals lead directly from outside to the interior (spongocoel); the spongocoel is lined with choanocytes

Answer 12

asconoid canal system

Question 13

canal system with thick and folded body wall within which radial canals are lined with choanocytes; spongocoel is present but not lined with choanocytes

Answer 13

syconoid canal system

Question 14

• most complex and most common type of canal system
• contains many small chambers that are lined with choanocytes

Answer 14

leuconoid canal system

Question 15

the extracellular matrix of a sponge

Answer 15

mesohyl

Question 16

feeding cell has a distinct collar (traps food) and flagellum (creates water current)

Answer 16

choanocyte

Question 17

amebiod cells which move around the mesophyl and can specialized to serve a variety of functions

Answer 17

archaeocytes

Question 18

cells that secrete spicules

Answer 18

sclerocytes

Question 19

cells that secrete spongin fibers

Answer 19

spongocytes

Question 20

cells that secrete collagen

Answer 20

collencytes (lophocytes do as well)

Question 21

• thin, flat cells that cover the exterior and some interior surfaces of a sponge
• cells that form the pinacoderm

Answer 21

pinacocytes

Question 22

• modified pinacocytes which are able to contract
• usually arranged in a circle around pores to control water flow

Answer 22

myocytes

Question 23

having both male and female cells (gametes) produced within the same individual

Answer 23

monoecious

Question 24

name of the free-swimming larvae in sponges

Answer 24

parenchymula

Question 25

embryonic (blastula) stages which have flagellated cells

Answer 25

stomoblastula and amphiblastula

Question 26

• asexually produced structure
• forms within the parent’s mesophyl
• when parent animal dies it can remain dormant until conditions improve

Answer 26

gemmule or internal bud

Question 27

Type of digestion when food particles are engulfed by cells through phagocytosis and then brokendown inside the cell

Answer 27

intracellular digestion

Question 28

Name the canal type.

Answer 28

asconoid

Question 29

Name the canal type.

Answer 29

syconoid

Question 30

Name the canal type.

Answer 30

leuconoid